The Philosophy of He(和):Examined from the Perspectives of Technology and Culture  

和的哲学——从技术和文化来考察

作　　者：HUA Jueming 华觉明

机构地区：[1]Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China

出　　处：《Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology》2024年第1期1-34,共34页中国科学技术史（英文）

基　　金：the support of the Center for Cultural Studies on Science and Technology in China at Technische Universitat Berlin。

摘　　要：Pre-modern Chinese crafts,such as iron smelting,cookery,medicine,and the production of vehicles,bows,and arrows indicate the traditional Chinese view of technology as being organic,holistic,and comprehensive.This view of technology is guided by the concept of he(和)and employs the means and methods of he,thus achieving the purport of he.In Chinese,the character he(和)possesses positive connotations.It originated from the meaning of"to season;to add flavoring to"(调和)and that of flavors being"perfectly harmonious"(和美).From this sensory experience,he gradually extended to the abstract levels of materiality,humanity,sociality,"order"(wei位),and "power,situation,force"(shi势).Finally,he was elevated to the supreme level of"qi of great harmony"(taihe zhi qi太和之气),which is comparable to the concept of dao(道).The philosophy of he has exerted wide impact on such areas as technology,art,national character,cultural psychology,and behavior patterns,and has become an integral part of China's inherent culture.The paradoxes and deviations of he hold their own profound philosophical implications that merit further exploration.As humanity confronts significant challenges,such as how we can coexist with others,with technology,and with nature,the ancient Eastern wisdom embodied in he continues to possess practical characteristics and value.中国古代冶铁术、烹调术、医术和车辆、弓矢等制作技艺表明,中国的传统技术观是一种有机的、整体的和综合的技术观。它以“和”为理念,采取“和”的方式与手段,来达到“和”的指归。在汉语中,“和”是一个好字眼。它源自口味的调和与和美,其后,从感性的体验逐步延伸到物性、人性、社会性及位、势等抽象性的层面,最终被提升为具有与“道”等同的至高无上的“太和之气”。和的哲学广泛地影响着技术、艺术、国民性格、文化心理及行为方式等领域,成为中国固有文化的一个组成部分。“和”的悖谬与背离自有其内在的深奥哲理,值得深入探索。它所蕴含的古老的东方智慧,在面临人与人如何相处、人与技术如何相处、人与自然如何相处的重大挑战时,仍具有现实的品格与价值。

关 键 词：philosophy of he(和) TECHNOLOGY CULTURE 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学] G122[文化科学]