膀胱癌尿液诊断标志物及诊断技术的研究应用进展  

Research and application of urinary diagnostic markers and assays for bladder cancer

作　　者：刘楮 张成俊煜 陈泽华 潘柏林 陈旭[1] LIU Chu;ZHANG ChengJunYu;CHEN ZeHua;Pan BoLin;CHEN Xu(Department of Urology,Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510120,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院,泌尿外科,广州510120

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2024年第8期1439-1453,共15页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(批准号:2022YFC2408300);国家自然科学基金(批准号:82322056)资助。

摘　　要：膀胱癌是泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,成为威胁人类健康的重大疾病.目前膀胱癌诊断的金标准是膀胱镜检和病理学检查,但这些检查有创且痛苦.近几十年来,研究者一直试图在尿液中开发和鉴定用于膀胱癌无创诊断的肿瘤标志物.现有的研究发现,尿液中的脱落细胞、DNA、RNA、蛋白质、代谢物、外泌体等成分或标志物在膀胱癌的早期诊断、预后评估、复发监测、肿瘤残留判断等展示出良好性能和应用前景,而且已有诊断试剂盒获批上市,如Uri Find, Bladder Epicheck等.此外,人工智能技术也已被应用于尿液细胞学检查,不但解决了敏感性低的难题,而且能大幅提高诊断效率.本文就近年来尿液诊断标志物和尿液诊断技术在膀胱癌精准诊疗中的进展进行综述,并展望了未来的发展趋势,以期为临床医生和研究者提供参考.Bladder cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors of the urinary system, which has become a major disease threateninghuman health worldwide. The current gold standards for diagnosis of bladder cancer are cystoscopy and pathology of biopsy, whichare invasive and painful. For decades, researchers have been working towards identifying and developing non-invasive urinary tumormarkers for the detction of bladder cancer. Currently, it has been discovered that various components or markers present in urine, suchas exfoliated cells, DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites, and exosomes, perform well and may be applied widely in early detection,prognosis assessment, recurrence monitoring, and residual tumor determination of bladder cancer. Diagnostic kits like UriFind andBladder Epicheck have already received market approval. Furthermore, artificial intelligence technology is being utilized in cytologydiagnosis to not only address the issue of low sensitivity but also enhance efficiency. This article reviews the progress made in recentyears regarding urine diagnostic markers and assays for precision diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer, it also offers insights intofuture development and serves as a reference for clinicians and researchers.

关 键 词：膀胱癌 尿液标志物 DNA甲基化 精准诊疗 人工智能 

分 类 号：R737.14[医药卫生—肿瘤]