小型猪四肢间质通道的三维可视化及与人体经脉的比较  

Three-dimensional visualization of interstitial channels in the limbs ofmini-pigs and a comparison with human meridians

作　　者：熊枫 宋晓晶[1] 黄江伟 贾术永[1] 王广军[1] 王淑友[1] 刘琪 申耀华 涂娜 降雨强[2] 张维波[1] XIONG Feng;SONG XiaoJing;Huang JiangWei;JIA ShuYong;WANG GuangJun;WANG ShuYou;LIU Qi;SHEN YaoHua;TU Na;JIANG YuQiang;ZHANG WeiBo(Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing,100700,China;Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100101,China;College of Acupuncture and Massage,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin,301617,China;School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing,100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院针灸研究所,北京100700 [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,北京100101 [3]天津中医药大学针灸推拿学院,天津301617 [4]北京中医药大学针灸推拿学院,北京100029

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2024年第8期1466-1487,共22页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:82050006);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(批准号:CI2021A03406)资助。

摘　　要：经络是中医理论的核心概念.以往大量的研究表明,间质中存在长程流动的组织液,可能与经络相关.本团队前期通过在小型猪四肢的循经低电阻点注射一种亲组织液的小分子荧光物质,在体表观察到部分循经迁移的荧光轨迹,解剖发现迁移轨迹主体位于深层间质组织.为比较深层迁移的循经间质通道和人体经脉的关系,本研究首先用经络定位仪测定8只健康小型猪四肢的低电阻点,其中6只小型猪分别进行12条循经低电阻线注射(1条/腿), 1只小型猪作非经的对照注射,最后1只小型猪按照人体骨度分寸标记用作横切面位置定位.在低电阻点及旁开高电阻点注射微量荧光素钠后,小型猪注射过量麻药并冷冻肢体.取下四肢经冷冻、包埋后进行整体横切,用装有窄带滤色镜的数码相机与蓝激光照明切换采集横切面的明场与荧光图像,观察荧光信号在横切面的分布特征.从横切面上荧光信号区域组织取材做新鲜组织冰冻切片观察其微观结构.连续横切面图像进行数字化三维重建.结果发现,四肢的低电阻点注射荧光素钠后在横切面上观察到可重复的12条循经迁移轨迹,除前肢三条与人体上肢三阴经类似的循经间质通道向近心端迁移逐渐汇聚成一处外,其余通道相互独立,位置固定.而在旁开非经注射后仅出现接近椭球体的局部扩散,或者扩散到附近的间质通道后继续循经迁移.横切面上的荧光信号位置与传统中医描述的经络循行接近,与针刺的针尖位置基本一致,其微观结构为结缔组织中充满网格状纤维的间隙结构.本研究发现生物体内存在着一种长程连续的间质通道,是中医经络的科学内涵之一.Meridians are a central concept in traditional Chinese medicine theory. Previous studies have indicated the presence of long-rangefluid flow within interstitial spaces, potentially associated with meridians. In our prior research, by injecting a small-moleculefluorescent substance with tissue affinity into low impedance points (LIPs) along meridians in the limbs of mini-pigs, we observedpartial fluorescence trajectories along the meridians on the body surface. Anatomical examination revealed that the primary trajectoryof migration lay within the deeper layers of interstitial tissue. To compare these deep trajectories with those of human meridians, inthis study, we initially located LIPs on the limbs of eight healthy mini-pigs using a meridian locator. Subsequently, six of these pigsunderwent injections along 12 low-resistance meridian lines (one per leg), and the last one was marked according to human bonemeasurement standards for cross-sectional positioning. After injecting a trace amount of fluorescein sodium(FS) into the LIPs andadjacent high-impedance points, excess anaesthetics were injected, and the limbs were frozen. Following removal and embedding ofthe frozen limbs, cross-sections were obtained using an electric bone saw. Bright-field and fluorescence images of the cross-sectionswere captured using a digital camera equipped with a narrowband filter and blue laser illumination to observe the distributioncharacteristics of the fluorescence signals on the cross-sections. Fresh cross-sectional tissue cryosections were prepared from thefluorescent area for microscopic structural observation. Images from consecutive cross-sections were used for three-dimensionalreconstruction of the migration trajectory. The results revealed replicable trajectories on the cross-sections after FS injection at theLIPs in the limbs, showing 12 distinct migration trajectories. Except for the convergence of three yin meridians on the medial side ofthe forelimb towards the proximal end, the remaining channels remained independent an

关 键 词：经络 间质通道 三维可视化 荧光素钠 整体横切 穴位针刺 小型猪 

分 类 号：R224.1[医药卫生—中医基础理论]