我国特殊教育对象范围演进及理论范式变迁  

Subjects of Special Education in China:Evolution of the Coverage and Changes in Theoretical Paradigms

作　　者：邓猛 张瑶 张玲 DENG Meng;ZHANG Yao;ZHANG Ling

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学融合教育研究院,上海200062 [2]广西师范大学教育学部,桂林541000

出　　处：《残疾人研究》2024年第4期59-67,共9页Disability Research

基　　金：2023年度国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目“特殊教育普惠发展机制与实践路径研究”(BHA230160)。

摘　　要：厘清特殊教育的对象范围及理论范式对于建构本土特殊教育话语具有重要价值。我国特殊教育的对象范围经历了早期以“缺陷”为主,到21世纪早期以来以“残疾”为主的演进,新时代以来进一步朝向更广泛“特殊教育需要”的融合发展趋势。我国特殊及融合教育对象以“三类残疾”为演进基础,不断扩展残疾类别,逐步囊括相关联的高危儿童以及资质优异儿童等“特殊教育需要”儿童。特殊教育对象范围的演变蕴含着我国特殊教育理论范式的复杂变迁,体现以传统伦理模式为基本底色,以医学及功能主义模式相结合为主体,朝向社会及教育学模式发展的特征,是“三位一体”的综合理论范式。基于中国传统文化的自然发展与现代文明渐进结合的理论范式,引领新时期中国特殊教育朝向优质融合发展。Clarifying the coverage and theoretical paradigm of special education plays an important role in constructing the discourse of local special education.The coverage of special education in China has experienced the evolution,namely special education mainly covered persons with a defect in the early period,and mainly covered persons with a disability in the early 2000s,and its coverage is exhibiting a trend of inclusive development in the new era,expanding to include persons with special educational needs.The special and inclusive education in China initially covered three types of disabilities(visual,hearing and intellectual disabilities),then it constantly expands its coverage,gradually expands to include the associated high-risk children,children with excellent qualifications and other children with special educational needs.The evolution of the coverage of special education contains the complex evolution of the theoretical paradigm of special education in China's social culture,which is characterized with the traditional ethical model as the basic color,the combination of medical and functionalist models as the main body,and social and pedagogical models as the futureoriented development,so it is a"trinity"comprehensive theoretical paradigm.Guided by the theoretical paradigm derived from the gradual combination of the natural development of Chinese traditional culture and modern civilization,China's special education will advance to high-quality inclusive development in the new era.

关 键 词：特殊教育对象 特殊教育理论范式 残疾模式 

分 类 号：G76[文化科学—特殊教育学]