公路特长隧道内疲劳唤醒区视觉行为特征研究  

Characterization of Visual Behavior in the Fatigue Arousal Zone in Highway Extra-long Tunnels

作　　者：尚婷[1] 谢磊 连冠 刘建 SHANG Ting;XIE Lei;LIAN Guan;LIU Jian(School of Traffic&Transportation,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;School of Civil Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;Chongqing High Speed Engineering Consulting Co.Ltd.,Chongqing 404100,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学交通运输学院,重庆市400074 [2]重庆交通大学土木工程学院,重庆市400074 [3]重庆高速工程顾问有限公司,重庆市404100

出　　处：《公路》2024年第8期260-273,共14页Highway

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目,项目编号52172341;教育部人文社会科学研究项目,项目编号22YJCZH143;重庆市交通科技项目,项目编号CQJT2022ZC06。

摘　　要：随着我国特长公路隧道建设规模日益扩大,因驾驶疲劳引起的交通事故越来越多,提升隧道交通安全具有重要的现实意义。为了有效阻断因特长隧道环境因素影响导致的短时疲劳效应,基于疲劳唤醒理论定义了特长隧道疲劳唤醒区,从视觉刺激、听觉刺激、触觉刺激三方面分析其作用原理,以完善疲劳唤醒理论。结合疲劳唤醒区作用原理,因为色彩是驾驶人在驾驶过程中最易感知的视觉信息,故主要研究驾驶人在特长隧道内对于疲劳唤醒区有关色彩类型的视觉行为特征。由于在运营中的公路隧道进行自然驾驶试验存在成本高、难以长期开展等问题,因此采用室内驾驶模拟仿真试验的方式进行研究。通过K-medoids聚类算法将驾驶人注视点兴趣区域划分为7个,以研究注视点分布特性,并通过分析瞳孔变动特性从而研究驾驶人对于不同色彩类型的疲劳唤醒区的视觉行为特征。研究结果表明,在特长隧道内设置冷色色调疲劳唤醒区能够有效缓解驾驶人的驾驶疲劳,且疲劳唤醒区的唤醒效果还受到行车速度的影响,研究成果可为特长隧道疲劳唤醒技术提供一定的理论参考依据。With the increasing scale of the construction of extra-long highway tunnels in China,there are more and more traffic accidents caused by driving fatigue,and it is of great practical significance to improve the traffic safety of tunnels.In order to effectively block the short-term fatigue effect caused by the influence of environmental factors in extra-long tunnels,in this paper the fatigue arousal zone of extra-long tunnels is defined based on the fatigue arousal theory,and its functioning principle is analyzed from the aspects of visual stimulation,auditory stimulation,and tactile stimulation in order to improve the fatigue arousal theory.Combined with the principle of fatigue arousal zone,because color is the most easily perceived visual information in the driving process,the visual behavior characteristics of drivers in the fatigue arousal zone in the extra-long tunnels are mainly studied with respect to the type of color.Due to the high cost and difficulty of long-term development of natural driving tests in operating highway tunnels,in the paper,the indoor driving simulation test is adopted for the study,the K-medoids clustering algorithm is used to divide the driver's gaze point interest area into seven to study the distribution characteristics of the gaze point,and to analyze the characteristics of the pupil change and to study the driver's visual behavior characteristics of the fatigue arousal zone of different color types.The results of the study show that setting up the fatigue arousal zone with cold color tone in the long tunnel can effectively alleviate drivers' driving fatigue,and the arousal effect of the fatigue arousal zone is also affected by the driving speed,and the results of the study can provide certain theoretical reference basis for the fatigue arousal technology in the long tunnel.

关 键 词：交通工程 特长隧道 短时疲劳 疲劳唤醒区 K-medoids 

分 类 号：U491.5[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]