清季庚辛鼠疫中的信息疫情与叙事景观  

Infodemics and Narrative Landscapes During the 1910 Plague in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：阎伟[1] YAN Wei(School of Journalism and Cultural Communication,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学新闻与文化传播学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《湖北科技学院学报》2024年第5期1-15,共15页Journal of Hubei University of Science and Technology

基　　金：2021年度湖北省哲学社会科学研究重大项目“人类卫生健康共同体视域下‘中国故事’的文学叙述及抗疫精神的传播研究”(21ZD009);“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助”重点A类项目“人类命运共同体视阈下中国国家形象在西方主流媒体的百年传播研究”(2722020PY009);中南财经政法大学部校共建项目“危机传播视域下中国百年瘟疫文学的‘信息疫情’书写及国家形象问题研究”(2021-02-01-04)项目的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：庚辛年间,清政府在东北地区扑灭了鼠疫,然而“信息疫情”的危害动摇了信息安全与国家安全。其原因在于,信息接受者本身的知识局限和认知障碍、信息放送者的情境失察与监管缺位,以及信息生产与传播环节的无序竞争及恶意操作,分别成为清政府治理信息疫情的死穴、短板和软肋。当时各种叙事文本不仅记录了“信息疫情”的形成过程,而且还表现出各自不同的理数与言路。奏折类的历史文本展示了清廷在高纬度的道义战,为避免“口实”与“滋事”而处处“留白”,表现“无能”;报章文学文本记录了民众在低纬度的生死战,他们的呻吟成为疫情的“道白”,展示“无助”;日记类的文学文本展示了官员在中维度的攻坚战,各自为战的防疫经验成为“补白”,显得“无为”。它们并未形成关于疫情对话式的同声合唱,而是自言自语、众声喧哗,最后汇聚成错位式的叙事景观。During the period of Gengxin,the Qing government extinguished the plague in northeast China,but the harm of"infodemic"shook the information and national security.The reason is that the knowledge limitations and cognitive disorders of the information recipients themselves,the situational oversight and regulatory absence of the information transmitters,as well as the disorderly competition and malicious operation of the information production and dissemination have respectively become the dead spot,the short board and the soft rib of the Qing government in the management of"infodemic".At that time,various narrative texts not only recorded the formation process of"infodemic",but also showed their own different rationales and ways of speech.The historical texts of the fold class showed the Qing Court's moral war in the high dimension,leaving"blank"everywhere in order to avoid"facts"and"troubles",showing"incompetence";The texts of the newspaper literature recorded the masses of the people's serious fight in the low dimension,and their groans become the"confession"of the epidemic,showing"helplessness";The literary texts of diary class showed the officials'fight in the middle dimension,and the epidemic prevention experience of each fighting for himself becomes"filling in the blank"and appears"inaction".They did not form a chorus of dialogues about the epidemic,but talked to themselves,made noise,and finally converged into a misplaced narrative landscape.

关 键 词：庚辛鼠疫 信息疫情 历史文本 文学文本 叙事景观 

分 类 号：I209[文学—中国文学]