厚壳贻贝中麻痹性贝毒的蓄积及其对滤食率的影响  

Accumulation of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Mytilus unguiculatus and Its Effect on Filtration Rate

作　　者：杨越聪 郑关超 赵辉辉 张海涛[2] 谭志军[2,3] 吴海燕[2] YANG Yuecong;ZHENG Guanchao;ZHAO Huihui;ZHANG Haitao;TAN Zhijun;WU Haiyan(College of Food Science and Technology,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学食品学院,上海201306 [2]农业农村部水产品质量安全检测与评价重点实验室、中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [3]海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国重点实验室、中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第5期224-233,共10页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32072329);现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-49)共同资助

摘　　要：厚壳贻贝(Mytilus unguiculatus)是中国地理标志产品,具有重要的经济价值和产业地位。随着我国近海有害赤潮灾害的频发,厚壳贻贝中贝类毒素残留风险亟需关注。本研究通过室内暴露方式,评估了不同密度链状亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella)对厚壳贻贝滤食率的影响及其对麻痹性贝毒(paralytic shellfish toxins,PSTs)的蓄积代谢规律。结果表明,厚壳贻贝滤食率与产毒藻暴露密度、PSTs含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),最低降至初始值的30.0%左右。厚壳贻贝对PSTs整体蓄积能力较弱,高密度组肝胰腺与软组织的日平均蓄积速率分别为981.6μg STXeq/kg/d和106.5μg STXeq/kg/d。链状亚历山大藻与厚壳贻贝中N-磺酰氨甲酰基类毒素-2(N-sulfocarbamoylgonyautoxin toxins-2,C1)、N-磺酰氨甲酰基类毒素-3(C2)与膝沟藻毒素5(Gonyautoxin-5,GTX5)3种组分的初始含量最高,贻贝摄食产毒藻后肝胰腺中C2占比显著降低(P<0.05),由74.1%(藻细胞)分别降低至22.6%(高密度组)与17.1%(低密度组);C1占比则由10.6%(藻细胞)上升至54.1%(高密度组)和54.0%(低密度组)。厚壳贻贝的代谢速率最高可达到1860.3μg STXeq/kg/d,显著高于其他双壳贝类。本研究表明,厚壳贻贝滤食率随PSTs产毒藻暴露时间呈下降趋势,且厚壳贻贝对PSTs的快速代谢与低转化、低残留等特点也表明其食用风险低于其他贻贝。本研究为评估厚壳贻贝中PSTs风险形成机理并为科学构建防控技术提供了研究基础。Paralytic shellfish toxins(PSTs)are a class of neurotoxic marine biotoxins that are widely distributed and cause more than 2,000 poisoning events worldwide each year,with mortality rates of up to 15%.PSTs can accumulate through the food chain and are mainly distributed in marine organisms such as bivalve mollusks.Several countries and regions,including the European Union,China,and the United States,have established strict regulatory limits(400 MU/100 g or 800μg STXeq/kg)for PSTs and implemented monitoring programs.As reported previously,factors such as filtration rate,selective feeding,and the efficiency of the organism in absorbing toxin-producing algae can significantly affect the accumulation of PSTs in bivalve mollusks.Mytilus unguiculatus is one of three major commercial mussel species in China,with important economic value and social impact.Due to its high nutritional value,it is extensively cultured as an important shellfish species in the Zhoushan archipelago of Zhejiang Province in China.Alexandrium spp.are the main toxin-producing algae in the area.PSTs have been detected in mussels between May and July after harmful algal blooms.Research into the elimination characteristics of PSTs accumulation in M.unguiculatus is urgently needed to establish a monitoring and control program.In this study,760 mussels were randomly selected and fed A.catenella at different cell densities,with a high-density group(7.00105 cells/d),a low-density group(2.80105 cells/d),and a control group.The experimental period lasted for 30 d,during which the accumulation period approximately represented days 1–7 and the elimination period days 8–30 d.A total of 14 sampling points were set up on days 0.5,1,2,4,6,and 7 of the accumulation period and days 1,3,5,7,11,15,19,and 23 of the elimination period.Six mussels were randomly collected at each sampling point and dissected into soft tissues,hepatopancreas,and edible tissues.Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the content of PSTs.During the accumula

关 键 词：厚壳贻贝 麻痹性贝毒 生物转化 滤食率 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]