“文明与野蛮”叙事的建构及吊诡  

The Construction and Irony of the Narrative of“Civilization and Barbarism”

作　　者：张耀铭 Zhang Yaoming(Xinhua Digest Magazine,Beijing 100010,China)

机构地区：[1]新华文摘杂志社,北京100010

出　　处：《学术探索》2024年第8期18-32,共15页Academic Exploration

摘　　要：“文明”是欧洲人创始于18世纪启蒙时代的一个概念,用来指代一个文雅、有教养、举止得当、具有美德的社会群体。随着现代欧洲的社会演进和思潮流变,“文明”的内涵变得越来越复杂多样。学术界围绕“文明”建构出文明等级论、文明形态论、历史终结论、文明冲突论、文明互动论等各种理论,多数理论持种族和文化优越性、“文明与野蛮”二元叙事的意识形态。不过文明互动论等,也为我们更全面认识人类文明多元发展及其规律,提供了重要的方法论。现代化是指工业革命以来人类历史发生的一次深刻变革,是先进的技术、产业、思想、制度等文明要素渗透到政治、经济、社会、文化、思想等领域并产生重大影响,推动人类文明从传统社会向现代社会转变的过程。现代化是一个不断升级演进的过程,没有统一标准,也并非“现代化=西方化”这一固定的模式。总之,西方资本主义极大地推动了社会生产力的发展,具有重要的历史贡献。但西方文明在漫长的历史演进中,却表现出两副面孔:文明与野蛮、“普世价值”与帝国霸权的吊诡。“Civilization”is a concept originated by Europeans in the Enlightenment era of the 18th century,used to refer to a social group that is elegant,cultured,well-behaved,and virtuous.With the social evolution and ideological changes in modern Europe,the connotation of“civilization”has become increasingly complex and diverse.The academic community has constructed various theories around“civilization”,such as the theory of civilization hierarchy,civilization forms,the end of history,clash of civilizations,and civilization interaction,most of which uphold the ideology of racial and cultural superiority and the binary narrative of“civilization and barbarism”.However,theories like civilization interaction provide us with an important methodology for a more comprehensive understanding of the diverse development and laws of human civilization.Modernization refers to a profound transformation in human history since the Industrial Revolution,where advanced technological,industrial,ideological,and institutional elements penetrate into politics,economy,society,culture,and thought,exerting significant influence and driving the transition of human civilization from traditional to modern society.Modernization is an ongoing process of evolution without a unified standard,and it is not a fixed model of“modernization equals westernization”.In conclusion,western capitalism has greatly promoted the development of social productive forces and made significant historical contributions.However,western civilization has shown two faces in its long historical evolution:civilization and barbarism,the irony of“universal values”and imperial hegemony.

关 键 词：文明与野蛮 欧洲文明 西方现代化模式 文明标准 文明悖论 

分 类 号：D521[政治法律—政治学]