种植密度对北疆灌区大豆-玉米带状间作混合青贮产量和作物抗倒特性的影响  

Effect of Planting Density on Mixed Silage Yield and Crop Resistance Characteristics of Soybean-Maize Strip Intercropping in the Northern Border Irrigation Area

作　　者：刘欣 舒泽兵 封亮 闫艳红[2] 王小春[1] 杨文钰[1] LIU Xin;SHU Zebing;FENG Liang;YAN Yanhong;WANG Xiaochun;YANG Wenyu(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture/Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System,Chengdu 611130,China;College of Pratacultural Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川省作物带状复合种植工程技术研究中心,成都611130 [2]四川农业大学草业科技学院,成都611130

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2024年第4期715-723,共9页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(2021YFYZ0005);新疆农机研发制造推广应用一体化项目(YTHSD2022-15)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对北疆灌区光照资源丰富但青贮种植单一的问题,利用大豆-玉米带状复合种植优势,在北疆灌区通过设计大豆-玉米不同种植密度来调控作物青贮产量,为当地青贮间作适宜密度栽培提供参考。【方法】设置3个玉米种植密度:9万株/hm^(2)(M1)、10.5万株/hm^(2)(M2)和12万株/hm^(2)(M3)。3个大豆种植密度:15万株/hm^(2)(S1)、18万株/hm^(2)(S2)和21万株/hm^(2)(S3),阐明不同密度处理下作物农艺性状、群体光合有效辐射、抗倒伏特性和青贮产量。【结果】玉米种植密度从9万株/hm^(2)增至12万株/hm^(2),茎秆穿刺强度平均降低17.30%~25.72%,倒伏率平均增加51.13%~55.27%,叶面积指数(LAI)平均增加8.00%~22.82%,光合势(LAD)平均增加10.49%~29.49%,产量呈先升后降趋势,在10.5万株/hm^(2)密度下获得最大值,大豆株高和倒伏率随玉米种植密度增加呈上升趋势,大豆冠层透光率、茎粗和抗折力呈下降趋势,LAI和LAD呈先升后降趋势。在玉米低、中和高密度处理下,大豆高密度间作与低、中密度间作相比,抗折力分别降低18.71%~29.83%、19.68%~36.94%和20.48%~31.74%,倒伏率分别增加9.77%~48.50%、9.82%~66.24%和2.25%~35.80%。随大豆种植密度增加,大豆LAI、LAD和产量增加,倒伏率显著下降。M2S3处理间作系统混合青贮产量最高,为64 981.84 kg/hm^(2),较M2S1处理增产2.81%。【结论】玉米10.5万株/hm^(2)搭配大豆21万株/hm^(2)间作种植有利于提高混合青贮产量,可为北疆灌区青贮大豆-玉米带状复合种植适宜播种密度种植提供参考依据。【Objective】In response to the problem of rich light resources but single silage planting in the northern border irrigation area,the superior characteristics of maize-soybean strip mixed intercropping system is utilizes to control,the silage yield by adjusting different maize-soybean densities in the northern border irrigation area,which provides a reference of suitable density cultivation for local silage intercropping planting.【Method】Three density treatments were set up for maize:90000 plants/hm^(2)(M1),105000 plants/hm^(2)(M2),120000 plants/hm^(2)(M3),and three density treatments were set up for soybean:150000 plants/hm^(2)(S1),180000 plants/hm^(2)(S2),210000 plants/hm^(2)(S3).The agronomic traits,synthetic potential,stalk lodging resistance and silage yield of maize soybean under different density treatments were studied.【Result】As maize plant density rose from 90000 to 120000 plants/hm^(2),stem puncture strength decreased by an average of 17.30%~25.72%,fall rate increased by an average of 51.13%~55.27%,leaf area index(LAI)increased by an average of 8.00%~22.82%,photosynthetic po‐tential(LAD)increased by an average of 10.49%~29.49%,and yield showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing,peaking at 105000 plants/hm^(2),and the soybean plant height and fall rate also in‐creased with higher maize planting density.Soybean plant height and collapse rate showed an increasing trend with the increase of maize planting density,soybean canopy light transmission rate,stem thickness and folding resistance showed a decreasing trend,and LAI and LAD showed an increasing and then de‐creasing trend.Under low,medium,and high density treatments of maize,soybean high-density intercrop‐ping decreased flexural strength by 18.71%to 29.83%,19.68%to 36.94%,and 20.48%to 31.74%,and increased the rate of collapse by 9.77%to 48.50%,9.82%to 66.24%,and 2.25%to 35.80%,respec‐tively,when compared with low and medium density intercropping.With the increase of soybean planting density,soybean LAI,LAD and yield increase

关 键 词：北疆灌区 大豆-玉米带状间作 密度 抗倒伏 混合青贮产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S565.1S548