种植密度对北疆灌区带状间作青贮玉米-大豆物质积累及产量的影响  

Effect of Planting Density on Material Accumulation and Yield of Silage Maize-Soybean in Strip Intercropping in Irrigation Areas of the Northern Xinjiang

作　　者：王敏 舒泽兵 封亮 蒲甜 闫艳红[2] 杨文钰[1] 王小春[1] WANG Min;SHU Zebing;FENG Liang;PU Tian;YAN Yanhong;YANG Wenyu;WANG Xiaochun(College of Agriculture,Sichuan Agricultural University/Southwest Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Farming,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development/Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System,Chengdu 611130,China;College of Grassland Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川省作物带状复合种植工程技术研究中心,成都611130 [2]四川农业大学草业科技学院,成都611130

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2024年第4期735-743,761,共10页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(2021YFYZ0005、2021YFQ0015);新疆农机研发制造推广应用一体化项目(YTHSD2022-15)。

摘　　要：【目的】为明确北疆灌区青贮玉米-大豆带状间作最佳密度配置,挖掘群体生物产量潜力。【方法】采用二因素裂区试验设计,主因素为玉米密度:A1、A2、A3(2021年:6.75、8.25、9.75万株/hm^(2);2022年:9、10.5、12万株/hm^(2)),副因素为大豆密度:B1、B2、B3 (2021年:12、15、18万株/hm^(2);2022年:15、18、21万株/hm^(2)),拟分析不同种植密度对带状间作玉米大豆物质积累和群体生物产量的影响。【结果】玉米密度从6.75万株/hm^(2)增至12万株/hm^(2),玉米单株干物质平均下降35.46%,花前积累量平均下降25.42%,达到最大生长速率时间(T_(max))、最大生长速率生物量(W_(max))和活跃生长期(P)平均下降10.99%、39.48%和1.78%。玉米生物产量、干物质日积累量、花后积累量、最大生长速率(G_(max))和平均生长速率(G_(mean))随玉米密度增加呈先增后减趋势,均在10.5万株/hm^(2)密度达到最大。随玉米密度和大豆密度增加,大豆单株干物质、花前积累量、W_(max)、G_(max)和G_(mean)呈下降趋势,花后积累量、T_(max)和P呈上升趋势。2022年A2B3处理带状间作群体产量最高,为64.99 t/hm^(2),较A1B1增产11.98 t/hm^(2),对群体干物质积累量(Y)和种植密度(A、B)回归分析得出,当A=10.84万株/hm^(2),B=19.41万株/hm^(2),Y取得极大值24.87 t/hm^(2)。【结论】玉米10.5万株/hm^(2)和大豆21万株/hm^(2)密度带状间作群体生物产量最大,可为北疆灌区带状间作玉米大豆适宜种植密度提供参考。【Objective】The aim of this study was to determine the optimal density configuration for the si-lage maize-soybean strip intercropping system in the irrigation areas of Northern Xinjiang and to unlock the full biological yield potential of the populations.【Method】A two-factor split-plot experimental design was employed,with the primary factor being maize density:A1,A2,A3(2021:6.75×10^(4),8.25×10^(4),9.75×10^(4) plants/hm^(2),2022:9×10^(4),10.5×10^(4),12×10^(4) plants/hm^(2))and the co-factor was soybean density:B1,B2,B3(2021:12×10^(4),15×10^(4),18×10^(4) plants/hm^(2),2022:15×10^(4),18×10^(4),21×10^(4) plants/hm^(2)),to analyse the effect.The experiment analyzed the effects of different planting densities on the material accumulation and population biological yield of maize-soybean in strip intercropping.【Result】As maize density increased from 6.75×10^(4) to 12×10^(4) plants/hm^(2),the dry matter of maize plants decreased by an average of 35.46%,the pre-anthesis accumulation decreased by an average of 25.42%,and the time to reach the maximum growth rate(T_(max)),the biomass at the maximum growth rate(W_(max)),and the active growing period(P)decreased by an average of 10.99%,39.48%and 1.78%.However,maize bio-logical yield,daily dry matter accumulation,post-anthesis accumulation,maximum growth rate(G_(max)),and average growth rate(Gmean)initially increased and then decreased with increasing maize density,peaking at a density of 10.5×10^(4) plants/hm^(2) density.The dry matter per plant,pre-anthesis accumula-tion,W_(max),G_(max) and Gmean of soybean showed a decreasing trend with increasing densities of both maize and soybean,while post-anthesis accumulation,T_(max) and the active growing period(P)showed an increasing trend.The highest yield of 64.99 t/hm^(2) was recorded in 2022 under the A2B3 treatment in the strip inter-cropping population,represnting an increase in yield of 11.98 t/hm^(2) compared to the A1B1 treatment.Re-gression analysis of population dry matter accumulation(Y)and pla

关 键 词：带状间作 物质积累 种植密度 青贮玉米 生物产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S565.1S548