历史和未来视域中的“大写的科学革命”怎样落地?  

How do“Great Scientific Revolutions”in Historical and Future Perspectives Come to Fruition?

作　　者：齐文涛 QI Wen-tao(School of Philosophy,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150006,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学哲学学院,哈尔滨150006

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第7期17-23,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助重大项目“科学思想史——自然观变革、方法论创新与科学革命研究”(22JHQ003);黑龙江省高教教改思政专项(SJGSJ2021007);黑龙江省省属高校基本科研业务费(2023-KYYWF-1608)。

摘　　要：肖显静教授的著作《科学思想史:自然观变革、方法论创新与科学革命》具有两大特色,以“综合论”为研究纲领和以“大写的科学革命”为研究内容。“综合论”的研究纲领旨在综合科学史研究的历史学、哲学、社会学研究纲领,具有重要的编史学意义。“大写的科学革命”建基于反科学主义态度,旨在描述以及筹划自然观尺度上的科学变革,是一种兼具历史和现实价值的学术理念。但这种理念在全书的贯彻落实中也存在可以商榷的问题:史前“神话宗教自然观”不是一种而是一类自然观的合称,将其看作“一次”科学革命未必准确;古代不少文明和民族都有独立甚至成熟的自然观,唯独推举古希腊自然哲学为“大写的科学革命”不尽妥当;现代“有机式科学”在科学和社会层面都未对近代科学形成替代之势,视其为“大写的科学革命”有待更多说明;作为未来科学的地方性科学未必需要作出过多经济承诺,应与近代科学保持更多距离。Prof.Xiao Xianjing’s work A History of Scientific Thought:The Scientific Revolutions Based the Reforms of Nature-Views and Methodologies has two main features,namely,“synthetism”as the research program and Great Scientific Revolutions as the research content.The research program of“synthetism”aims to synthesize the historical,philosophical,and sociological research programme of the study of the history of science,which is of great historiographical significance.The concept of Scientific Revolutions,based on an anti-scientific attitude and aimed at describing and planning scientific changes on the scale of the views of nature,is of historical and practical value.However,there are some issues deserving further discussion in the implementation of this concept throughout the book:the prehistoric“mythic-religious view of nature”is not a kind of natural view,but a category of natural views,and it may not be accurate to regard it as“a”scientific revolution;many ancient civilizations and nations have independent or even mature views of nature,and it is not appropriate to regard only ancient Greek natural philosophy as a Great Scientific Revolution;contemporary“organic science”has not shown a trend to replace modern science both in scientific and social level,so it needs more explanation if it is regarded as a Great Scientific Revolution;local science as the science of the future,does not necessarily require making too many economic commitments,and should maintain more distance from modern science.

关 键 词：科学思想史 科学革命 自然观 方法论 地方性科学 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]