科学实在论的视角主义阐释  

The Perspectivist Interpretation of Scientific Realism

作　　者：胡瑞斌[1] 贾向桐[1] HU Rui-bin;JIA Xiang-tong(College of Philosophy,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学哲学院,天津300350

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第7期47-52,59,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划项目“模型表征的视角主义研究”(TJZXQN23-001)。

摘　　要：在科学实在论与反实在论的激烈争论中,视角实在论力图确立一条中间路径,在汲取建构主义的合理洞见的同时,维系一种实在论立场。这种视角主义进路对科学实在论的基本论点做出了迥异的阐释:在形而上学层面,坚持我们所能认知的只有视角限度内的实在,拒绝独断世界本身的确定结构;在语义学层面,将模型置于科学理论的中心位置,但与此同时,不得不应对模型的字面意义和真理的两难取舍;在认识论层面,倡导对科学知识的建构进行更为细化的视角化分析,并且尝试为之附加实在论承诺。视角实在论在认识论层面彰显了独到的理论见解,但在视角的界定上仍存有争议,概念的模糊性和冗余性以及如何实现多元视角的争论和对话,仍是其亟待解决的难题。Perspectival realism aims to mediate between scientific realism and anti-realism as a middle path,by embracing both the realist stance and constructivist insights.This perspectivist approach offers distinct interpretations of the fundamental tenets of scientific realism:metaphysically,it asserts that our understanding of reality is limited by perspectives,rejecting any dogmatism about the definite structure of the world itself;semantically,it places models at the center of scientific theories,which comes with the dilemma of choosing between the literal meaning of models and their truth;epistemologically,it advocates for a more nuanced,perspectival analysis of scientific knowledge constructions while maintaining realist commitments.However,there are ongoing debates on the definition of“perspective”,leading to problems related to its vagueness and redundancy,as well as the difficulty of accommodating multiple perspectives.

关 键 词：视角实在论 形而上学 语义学 认识论 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]