从“西语”到“西学”:京师同文馆课程改革的历史探赜  

From“Western Languages”to“Western Learning”:A Historical Probe into the Curriculum Reform at School of Combined Learning

作　　者：张必胜 李嘉玲 ZHANG Bi-sheng;LI Jia-ling(Institute of Education,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学教育学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第7期125-132,共8页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目“明清西方数学词语汉译用字的历史研究”(21BYY002)。

摘　　要：京师同文馆作为晚清第一所官办的外语专门学校,在科学、语言和教育等方面对我国的影响较大。京师同文馆自创办之初将“西语”引入课程殿堂之时就已然遇到了生源危机、师资匮乏等问题。此后随着洋务运动的推进,京师同文馆试图将“西学”课程融入“中学”之体系,以此来实现从“西语”到“西学”的课程改革。然而,此次课程改革虽然进一步加强了中国教育的近代化,但是仍遭遇了生源质量不高,师生之间语言不通等诸多困境,这些阻碍和困境存在的主要原因是中西文化之间存在差异。因此,从历史考察的角度来审视京师同文馆从“西语”到“西学”课程改革的意义,能够为百年未有之大变局下我国当代课程改革提供历史参照与经验教训,获得医治“现代课程改革病症”的良方,并以史为鉴来打开课程改革的全新局面。As the first government-run school of foreign languages in the late Qing Dynasty,the School of Combined Learning(also known as Peking Tongwen Guan)had great influence on Chinese science,language and education.At the establishment of the Peking Tongwen Guan,when the“Western Languages”was introduced into its curriculum,the Peking Tongwen Guan encountered the crises such as the shortage of enrollment and the lack of teachers.With the Westernization Movement championed by Qing government,the Peking Tongwen Guan tried to integrate the western curriculum into the Chinese curriculum system,for the successful curriculum reform from“Western Languages”to“Western Learning”.The curriculum reform further pushed the modernization of Chinese education;however,it still encountered many difficulties,such as the low quality of students,the language barrier between teachers and students.The above-mentioned difficulties were caused by Chinese and Western cultural differences.Therefore,revisiting the curriculum reform from“Western Languages”to“Western Learning”in the Peking Tongwen Guan from the historical perspective can provide references and lessons for the contemporary curriculum reform in our country.By doing so,we can find a better solution to the modern curriculum reform and open a new page of curriculum reform.

关 键 词：“西语” “西学” 京师同文馆 课程改革 文化冲突 

分 类 号：N40[自然科学总论] G40[文化科学—教育学原理]