经典名方中重楼的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Paridis Rhizoma in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：顾晶晶 杨天梅[1] 杨美权[1] 詹志来 张金渝[1] GU Jingjing;YANG Tianmei;YANG Meiquan;ZHAN Zhilai;ZHANG Jinyu(Institute of Medicinal Plants,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650200,China;Resource Plant Research Institute,Yunnan University,Kunming 650504,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所,昆明650200 [2]云南大学资源植物研究院,昆明650504 [3]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2024年第18期186-199,共14页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702);云南省农业科学院科研预研项目(2023KYZX-14);云南省科技厅科技计划项目(202304BP090001)。

摘　　要：通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书并结合近现代相关文献资料,笔者对重楼的名称、基原、学名考订、药用部位、产地、采收加工与炮制、性味功效的历史沿革进行了系统的梳理与考证,以期为含重楼药材经典名方的开发与利用提供参考依据。经考证可知,重楼最早以“蚤休”为正名记载于《神农本草经》,历代本草多沿用此名。“重楼”之名首见于唐代《新修本草》,近代以来逐步成为正名,现代各级标准法定名称均以重楼为正名。古代所用重楼的主流来源为百合科植物七叶一枝花Paris polyphylla var. chinensis的干燥根茎,但因重楼属植物形态相似,多有混淆,同属根茎粗壮的多叶重楼P. polyphylla、狭叶重楼P. polyphylla var. stenophylla也作为重楼中药材使用;近现代以来,滇重楼P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis也被纳入重楼的主流来源之一。古代本草记载的产地主要为山东、安徽、江苏、江西、湖南、云南等地区,野生采集入药。现代多于云南、四川、贵州、广西等西南地区栽培;古代多为阴历四、五月采根,现代则多于全年采收或秋季采挖,以秋季采挖为佳,产地除去须根、洗净后晒干;重楼古代炮制有酒摩、醋摩、水磨、研、焙等多种炮制方法,现代则以生品切片直接入药为主;重楼性微寒,味苦,有小毒,归肝经,清热解毒,消肿止痛,凉肝定惊,用于疔疮痈肿,咽喉肿痛,蛇虫咬伤等症,古今记载性味功效基本一致。基于考证结果,建议开发含重楼的经典名方时,选用历代主流来源七叶一枝花P.polyphyllavar.chinensis或滇重楼P.polyphyllavar.yunnanensis的干燥根茎,原方中注明炮制要求者皆按要求炮制,未注明炮制要求建议生品入药。This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name,origin,scientific name evolution,medicinal parts,producting area,harvesting and processing,clinical efficacy of Paridis Rhizoma by consulting the ancient materia medica,medical books and prescription books,combined with modern literature,in order to provide a reference for the development of famous classical formulas containing Paridis Rhizoma.According to research,it can be verified that Paridis Rhizoma was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing with the name of Zaoxiu,and this name has been used for ancient materia medica in the past generations.The name of Chonglou was first appeared in Xinxiu Bencao of the Tang dynasty,and has gradually become the rectification of name,with it being the correct name in modern legal names at all levels.The mainstream source of Paridis Rhizoma used in ancient times was the dried rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var.chinensis,but due to the similarity plant morphology of the genus Paris,there was much confusion,and the same genus of plants with thick rhizomes were also used as Paridis Rhizoma,such as P.polyphylla,P.polyphylla var.stenophylla.Since modern times,P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis has also been included as one of the mainstream sources of Paridis Rhizoma.The origin recorded in ancient materia medica are mainly in Shandong,Anhui,Jiangsu,Jiangxi,Yunnan and other regions,which are collected in the wild for medicinal purposes,modern cultivation is more prevalent in southwestern regions,such as Yunnan,Sichuan,Guizhou and Guangxi.In ancient times,the harvest time was mostly root harvesting in April and May of the lunar calendar,while in modern times,they are mostly harvested throughout the year or in autumn.Autumn harvesting is the best choice,with roots removed from the production area,washed,and dried in the sun.In ancient times,Paridis Rhizoma was processed by baking,grinding and other methods,but in modern times,sliced raw products were mainly used as medicine.Paridis Rhizoma has a slightly cold nature,a

关 键 词：经典名方 重楼 基原 本草考证 学名 产地 炮制 性味功效 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R931[医药卫生—中医学] R28[文化科学—情报学] G353.11