自主手术机器人研发与应用的伦理挑战和风险  

Ethical Challenges and Risks in the Research and Application of Autonomous Surgical Robots

作　　者：梁辰 丛亚丽[1] LIANG Chen(School of Health Humanities,Peking University,Beijing,100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学医学人文学院,北京100191

出　　处：《医学与社会》2024年第8期114-121,共8页Medicine and Society

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目,编号为21JZD032。

摘　　要：自主手术机器人(autonomous surgical robots,ASR)的自主功能演进引起了伦理学领域的广泛关注与担忧。然而,对这类技术未来发展与应用的伦理挑战和风险的探讨仍显不足。为此,借鉴汉斯·约纳斯的论证方法分析总结出ASR研发与应用可能存在打破传统人机主从关系、过度物化人类价值与尊严,以及替代充满人性的医学职业等伦理挑战。这些挑战清晰地表明,ASR具有影响人类未来生存的风险,主要体现在对ASR不确定性的盲目包容态度、ASR后果的不可见性,以及医生责任的转变等方面。因此,应当负责任地发展手术机器人的自主功能,采用手术机器人部分替代医生的模式,而非完全替代,同时平衡技术创新和伦理考量之间的关键性,以便更好地引领该技术的发展方向。The evolution of autonomous capabilities in autonomous surgical robots(ASR)has sparked widespread attention and concern in the field of ethics.However,probes regarding the fundamental ethical challenges of the future development and application of such technology remain insufficient.To address this,this article adopts Hans Jonas'argumentative approach,particularly pointing out that ASR may pose ethical challenges by potentially disrupting the traditional man-machine's master-slave relationship,excessively objectifying human values and dignity,and replacing the inherently human aspect of medical profession.These challenges distinctly indicate that ASR already carry risks affecting the future of human existence,primarily reflected in the blind acceptance of ASR uncertainties,the invisibility of ASR consequences,and the shift in physician responsibility.Therefore,there should be a responsible development of the autonomous capabilities of surgical robots,adopting a model where machines partially substitute rather than entirely replace humans,while striking a crucial balance between technological innovation and ethical considerations,to better steer the direction of this technology's development.

关 键 词：医学伦理 自主手术机器人 挑战 生存 风险 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]