2022年黑龙江省中学生近视现状及相关影响因素分析  

Analysis of myopia and its related factors among middle school students in Heilongjiang,2022

作　　者：李敬晶 高飞[1] 张剑峰[1] 田田 刘忠卫[1] 王海娟 彭博 李亮亮 LI Jing-jing;GAO Fei;ZHANG Jian-feng;TIAN Tian;LIU Zhong-wei;WANG Hai-juan;PENG Bo;LI Liang-liang(Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and prevention,Heilongjiang,Harbin 150030,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省疾病预防控制中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]齐齐哈尔市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第16期2953-2959,共7页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：黑龙江省卫生健康委科研课题(课题编号:20221212031191)。

摘　　要：目的分析2022年黑龙江省中学生近视情况,为制定学生近视防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法选取2022年黑龙江省中学生99114人开展健康危险行为专项调查,使用5米标准对数视力表和台式电脑验光仪进行视力检查和屈光度检测。使用二分类logistic回归对学生近视的影响因素进行分析。结果中学生总体近视率为72.44%,其中初中生70.50%,高中生76.91%,职高64.47%。城区学生近视率高于郊县;女生近视率高于男生。二分类logistic回归分析显示:女生(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.35~1.43)、经常或总是调换座位(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.15~1.25)、每天放学后读书写字时长(h)≥2(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.07~1.14)、一周参加文化类补习班时长(h)≥2(OR=1.07,95%CI:1.03~1.11)、父母经常或总是提醒注意读写姿势(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.10~1.19)、每天用电脑时间(h)≥2(OR=1.19,95%CI:1.24~1.45)、过去一周使用移动电子设备(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.06~1.16)、近距离用眼多长时间休息一次眼睛(h)≥1(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.08~1.15)、平均每天室内静坐时间(h)≥8(OR=1.15,95%CI:1.12~1.19)是近视的危险性因素;郊县(OR=0.95,95%CI:0.92~0.98)、经常根据自身身高调整课桌椅高度(OR=0.94,95%CI:0.91~0.97)、课间在户外活动(OR=0.91,95%CI:0.89~0.94)、读写时眼睛距离书本超过33 cm(OR=0.84,95%CI:0.81~0.88)、每天看电视时长(h)≥2(OR=0.84,95%CI:0.80~0.88)、每天白天户外活动时间(h)≥2(OR=0.93,95%CI:0.90~0.97)、平均每天睡眠时间(h)≥8(OR=0.80,95%CI:0.78~0.83)为近视的保护性因素。结论近视与居住地区、性别、生活方式、行为习惯等多种因素有关。Objective To analyze the myopia of middle school students in Heilongjiang Province in 2022,and to provide scientific basis for the development of myopia prevention strategies and measures.Methods 99114 middle school students in Heilongjiang Province in 2022 were selected to carry out a special survey on health risk behaviors.Their visual acuity and diopter were examined by using a 5-meter standard logarithmic visual acuity chart and desktop optometer.Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting myopia of students.ResutltssThe total myopia rate of middle school students was 72.44%,including 70.50%junior high school students,76.91%senior high school students and 64.47%vocational high school students.The myopia rate of students in urban area was higher than that in suburban county.The myopia rate of girls was higher than that of boys.Binary logistic regression analysis showed that:female students(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.35-1.43),frequently or always switching seats(0R=1.20,95%CI:1.15-1.25),spending more than 2 hours reading and writing after school every day(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.07-1.14),spending more than 2 hours a week attending cultural tutoring classes(0R=1.07,95%CI:1.03-1.11),parents often or always reminding them to pay attention to their reading and writing posture(OR=1.14,95%Cl:1.10-1.19),and spending more time using the computer every day(h)≥2(OR=1.19,95%CI:1.24-1.45),using of mobile electronic devices in the past week(0R=1.11,95%CI:1.06-1.16),how often close range eye rest occurs(h)≥1(0R=1.11,95%Cl:1.08-1.15),average daily indoor sitting time(h)≥8(OR=1.15,95%CI:1.12-1.19)are risk factors for myopia;Suburban counties(OR=0.95,95%CI:0.92-0.98),frequently adjusting the height of desks and chairs according to one's own height(OR=0.94,95%Cl:0.91-0.97),engaging in outdoor activities during breaks(OR=0.91,95%CI:0.89-0.94),having eyes more than 33 cm away from books while reading and writing(OR=0.84,95%CI:0.81-0.88),watching TV for≥2(OR=0.84,95%CI:0.80-0.88),and having outdoor activity time durin

关 键 词：近视 中学生 影响因素 黑龙江 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]