铁杉属花粉形态及其聚类分析研究  

Phylogenetic relationship and evolutionary patterns of Tsuga pollen morphology:a cluster analysis-based study

作　　者：陈芷涵 尚鑫 谢淦 张鑫[1] CHEN Zhihan;SHANG Xin;XIE Zin;ZHANG Xin(College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093 [3]中国科学院昆明植物研究所,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期37-45,共9页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家植物标本资源库项目(E0117G1001)。

摘　　要：【目的】对铁杉属(Tsuga)现存所有10种植物花粉形态特征进行观察比较,结合花粉化石分析铁杉属系统发育关系及花粉形态的演化过程。【方法】通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察铁杉属的花粉形态特征,并利用7个定量指标和1个定性指标进行系统聚类分析(HCA)。【结果】铁杉属花粉为N_(1)P_(3)C_(1)型花粉,远极面具薄壁区,赤道轴长度为21.20~58.00μm,多无气囊,稀有气囊;花粉粒表面多疣状,稀微疣状,表面有棘突或无。系统聚类分析显示铁杉属花粉可以分类为3类:(1)有气囊,无棘突类:山地铁杉(T.mertensiana)与长苞铁杉(Nothotsuga longibracteata);(2)无气囊,无棘突类:卡罗莱纳铁杉(T.caroliniana)、加拿大铁杉(T.canadensis)与化石种2(T.sp.2);(3)无气囊,有棘突类:异叶铁杉(T.heterophylla)、郁林铁杉(T.ulleungensis)、米铁杉(T.diversifolia)、丽江铁杉(T.forrestii)、日本铁杉(T.sieboldii)、云南铁杉(T.dumosa)、铁杉(T.chinensis)、化石种1(T.sp.1)和化石种3(T.sp.3)。【结论】铁杉属花粉是从有气囊向无气囊,无棘突向有棘突演化的,且花粉特征与分布地有密切关系,同一地区分布的花粉形态相似。基于花粉形态的聚类分析结果与分子系统发育树大体符合,可以通过花粉形态对铁杉属植物及化石进行物种鉴定,并为其系统发育研究提供参考。【Objective】To analyze the phylogenetic relationships and evolutional patterns of pollen morphology in Tsuga,we observed and compared the pollen characteristics of all 10 extant species of Tsuga along with pollen fossils.【Method】Pollen morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)was conducted using seven quantitative indicators and one qualitative indicator.【Result】Tsuga pollens typically exhibits characteristics of the N_(1)P_(3)C_(1)type,with a leptoma on the distal face.The equatorial length ranges from 21.20 to 58.00μm,predominantly lacking sacci but occasionally with echinae saccate forms.The pollen surface is typically warty or sparsely micro-warty,with spines or without.According to the hierarchical cluster analysis,Tsuga could be divided into three categories:①saccate but lacking echinae type:T.mertensiana and Nothotsuga longibracteata;②lacking sacci and echinae type:T.caroliniana,T.canadensis and pollen fossil T.sp.2;③lacking sacci but echinate type:T.heterophylla,T.ulleungensis,T.diversifolia,T.forrestii,T.sieboldii,T.dumosa,T.chinensis and pollen fossil T.sp.1,T.sp.3.【Conclusion】Pollen morphology in Tsuga has evolved from saccate to non-saccate forms,and from lacking spines to possessing spines.These pollen characteristics are closely related to geographic distribution,indicating similarity among pollen from the same regions.The clustering analysis based on pollen morphology largely aligns with molecular phylogenetic trees,offering a method to distinguish extant species and fossils of Tsuga and providing valuable insights for phylogenetic studies of Tsuga.

关 键 词：铁杉属 花粉形态 扫描电镜 聚类分析 

分 类 号：Q944.5[生物学—植物学]