高速潜艇水动力学特性及流噪声空间演化规律研究  

Research on Hydrodynamic Characteristics and Spatial Evolution of Flow Noise of High-speed Submarine

作　　者：袁一芳 韩磊 董玮 赵云[3] Yuan Yifang;Han Lei;Dong Wei;Zhao Yun(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;School of Energy Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;College of Meteorology and Oceanography,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100 [2]哈尔滨工业大学能源科学与工程学院,哈尔滨150001 [3]国防科技大学气象海洋学院,长沙410073

出　　处：《水动力学研究与进展（A辑）》2024年第3期392-403,共12页Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金(LH2021E063)。

摘　　要：潜艇是当代海军的重要作战武器,其水动力学特性和流噪声特性是性能优劣的重要参考依据,同时,潜艇又在不断向着高航速方向发展。该文以SUBOFF全附体潜艇模型为研究对象,应用FLUENT中的RNG k-ε湍流模型和FW-H声学模型,对20.00 kn、30.00 kn及40.00 kn高航速条件下的潜艇水动力学特性和流噪声空间演化规律进行了研究,包括潜艇表面所受阻力情况以及绕流场压力、速度和旋涡的分布特性,分析了航速变化对水动力学特性的影响,发现:潜艇在水下前行时,其壁面所受压力与航速平方成正比;潜艇周围流域的速度峰值均约为航速的1.36倍;随航速增加,马蹄涡逐渐远离指挥台和艉翼,尾涡变粗变长,旋涡运动增强。此外,该文还分析了不同航速下,特征点处流噪声的总声压级、声压频率和声功率密度,发现航速增加一倍,特征点处流噪声增加约6 dB,声功率主要集中在0~3500 Hz;探究了航速及辐射半径对潜艇纵横剖平面上流噪声指向性的影响,对比了不同航速潜艇艏艉方向上流噪声的衰减规律,发现径向指向性强于潜艇艏艉方向,辐射半径增加时,径向的指向性愈发显著,径向与艏艉方向的总声压级纵横比k随辐射半径的扩大基本呈现对数增长趋势;潜艇上游流噪声的衰减快于下游,且随距离的增大逐渐趋于一致;潜艇航速对声指向性的影响较小,对远场流噪声衰减规律无明显影响;还拟合得出了流噪声随辐射半径、航速变化的衰减规律表达式,相关性超0.99。该研究结果对于进一步优化潜艇型线,改善其流动和噪声性能,提升综合作战能力具有重要意义。Submarines are significant naval combat weapons in contemporary times.The hydrodynamic and noise characteristics are important reference criteria for the performance of submarines.At the same time,submarines are constantly developing towards higher speeds.Therefore,the SUBOFF fully attached submarine model is take as the research object in this paper,and RNG k-εturbulence model and FW-H acoustic model in FLUENT are used to study the hydrodynamic characteristics and the spatial evolution law of flow noise of submarine under high-speed conditions(20.00 kn,30.00 kn and 40.00 kn).The resistance on the surface of the submarine,as well as the distribution characteristics of pressure,velocity and vortices on the surrounding flow field of the submarine are specifically studied.The influence of speed changes on the hydrodynamic characteristics is also analyzed.It is found that when the submarine moves underwater,the pressure on its wall is proportional to the square of the speed.The peak velocity of the submarine's surrounding flow field is about 1.36 times the speed of the submarine.And as the speed increases,the horseshoe vortex gradually moves away from the fairwater and stern appendages,the tail vortex becomes thicker and longer,and the vortex motion increases.In addition,the total sound pressure level,sound pressure frequency curve and sound power density curve of flow noise at characteristic points under different speeds are analyzed.It is found that when the speed is doubled,the flow noise at characteristic points increases by about 6 dB,and the sound power is mainly concentrated at 0~3500 Hz.The effects of speed and radiation radius on the directionality of flow noise in the longitudinal and transverse planes of submarine are explored,the attenuation laws of flow noise in the head-tail direction of submarine at different speeds are compared.It is found that the radial directionality is stronger than that in the head-tail direction of submarine.As the radiation radius increases,the radial directionality becomes mo

关 键 词：水动力学 FW-H方程 SUBOFF潜艇 高速航行 流噪声 

分 类 号：O427.5[理学—声学]