王夫之成人思想的境界诠释——以《读四书大全说》为中心  

Interpretation of the Realm of Wang Fuzhi's Thought on Human Becoming--Centered on the Sermon on Reading the Four Great Books

作　　者：吴朝旭 Wu Zhaoxu

机构地区：[1]南开大学哲学院

出　　处：《理论界》2024年第8期29-35,共7页Theory Horizon

摘　　要：王夫之的成人思想奠基于其气学,他通过论证气本气化的合理性,在易学基础上建构了中华文明的世界生发图景,给人之成指明了方向。在成人境界上,船山主要论述了现实君子和理想圣人两层。就大人君子而言,船山注重其“诚”的核心地位,诚者成也,认为诚是君子之基与君子之业。君子不仅须重学持志,还要备经世致用之能,将学问用于实践治世。在圣人层面,船山的圣人观在对儒学圣人论述的有机整合上将内圣纳入外王。圣人是天下楷模,是纯仁之人,具备最高品格和卓越才能,且圣人必是平天下的“圣-王”。圣人是成人理论的最高境界,是儒家理想的寄托。Wang Fuzhi's idea of human becoming was grounded in his qiology.By arguing for the rationality of qi as it is,he constructed a picture of the world birth of Chinese civilization on the basis of his yiology,and point⁃ed out the general direction of man's becoming.In terms of the realm of human becoming,Chuanshan mainly discussed the two levels of the realistic gentleman and the ideal saint.As far as the personality of a gentleman is concerned,Chuanshan emphasized the central position of"Cheng",which is the foundation of a gentleman and his career.A gentleman must not only emphasize learning to maintain his ambition,but also be capable of applying his learning to the world and putting it into practice in order to rule the world.On the level of saints,Chuanshan's view of saints incorporates inter⁃nal sainthood into external kingship in the organic integration of Confucian sainthood discourse.A saint is a model for the world,a pure and benevo⁃lent person,possessing the highest character and excellent talent,and a saint must be a"saint-king"who calms the world.The sage represents the high⁃est state in theories about human becoming and embodies Confucian ideals.

关 键 词：王夫之 成人思想 境界 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]