牙周微生物稳态对神经退行性疾病的影响及其治疗前景  

Influence of periodontal microbial homeostasis on neurodegenerative diseases and its therapeutic perspectives

作　　者：孔令雯瑶 贺小涛 陈发明 李璇 Kong Lingwenyao;He Xiaotao;Chen Faming;Li Xuan(Department of Periodontology,School of Stomatology,The Fourth Military Medical University,State Key Laboratory of Oral&Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases,Xi′an 710032,China)

机构地区：[1]第四军医大学口腔医院口腔牙周病科、口颌系统重建与再生全国重点实验室、国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心、陕西省口腔疾病国际联合研究中心,西安710032

出　　处：《中华口腔医学杂志》2024年第8期851-856,共6页Chinese Journal of Stomatology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82301079,82371010);中国科学技术协会青年人才托举工程(2022QNRC001)。

摘　　要：口腔是人体的第二大微生物库,含700多种微生物。牙周微生物是口腔微生物的重要组成部分。牙菌斑生物膜作为牙周病的始动因子,富含多种口腔微生物。牙周组织复杂的解剖结构使其具有更高的牙周微生物群丰度。越来越多的证据显示,牙周微生物群不仅与口腔疾病密切相关,也在口-脑交互中起重要作用。牙周微生物群失调可能促进神经退行性疾病,包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、多发性硬化的进展。本文回顾了牙周微生物群在口腔和大脑之间的双向作用,即牙周微生物作为桥梁参与两种疾病之间的相互作用,列举了牙周微生物群失调诱发和加重神经退行性疾病的流行病学和生物学证据,并分析其可能的机制。阐述维持牙周微生物稳态在神经退行性疾病预防和治疗方面的积极意义,以期为神经退行性疾病的发病机制和治疗方法提供新思路和新见解。The oral cavity is the second largest reservoir of microorganisms in the human body,containing more than 700 species.Periodontal microorganisms are an important part of oral microorganisms.Plaque biofilm,the initiator of periodontal disease,contains an abundance of oral microorganisms.The special complex anatomy of the periodontium allows for a higher abundance of the periodontal microbiota.There are growing evidences show that the periodontal microbiota is not only closely associated with oral diseases,but also plays an important role in mouth-brain interactions.Dysbiosis of the periodontal microbiota may facilitate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer disease,Parkinson disease,and multiple sclerosis.Here,this paper reviews the bidirectional role of periodontal microbiota between the oral cavity and the brain,that is,the bridge effect of periodontal microbiota involved in the interaction between the two diseases,enumerates the epidemiological and biological evidences that dysregulation of the periodontal microbiota induces and exacerbates neurodegenerative diseases,and analyzes their possible mechanisms.The positive implications of periodontal microbial homeostasis in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are described with the aim of providing new ideas and insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases.

关 键 词：牙周炎 牙菌斑 牙周微生物稳态 神经退行性疾病 肠道微生物 

分 类 号：R781.42[医药卫生—口腔医学] R741[医药卫生—临床医学]