水中N-亚硝胺的污染状况、来源及风险  

Occurrence,sources,and risk of N-nitrosamines and precursors in water:A review

作　　者：伍观保 陈文文 赵文玉[1] 许立巍[1] 王燕舞[1] 闫小雨 黄焕芳 WU Guanbao;CHEN Wenwen;ZHAO Wenyu;XU Liwei;WANG Yanwu;YAN Xiaoyu;HUANG Huanfang(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,541006,China;South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou,510535,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院,桂林541006 [2]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,广州510535

出　　处：《环境化学》2024年第8期2539-2554,共16页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42067048);广西自然科学基金(2021GXNSFBA220066);广东省自然科学基金(2021A1515011189);广州市科技计划项目(2023A04J0948);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(PM-zx703-202204-138)资助。

摘　　要：N-亚硝胺类化合物是一类被国际癌症研究机构列为高毒性和强致癌性的有机污染物,是世界公认的除黄曲霉素、二噁英之外的第三大致癌物.N-亚硝胺水溶性强,广泛存在于环境水体(地表水、地下水)和饮用水当中.局部地区(特别是城市地区)环境水体及饮用水中的高浓度亚硝胺已对人体和生态健康构成较大威胁.除工业、农业和生活的一次排放外,前体物存在情况下的二次生成也是水体中亚硝胺持续存在的关键原因,某些情况下可能比一次来源更为重要.本文综述了环境水体及饮用水中N-亚硝胺的污染水平、组成和空间分布,给出水体中亚硝胺污染的重点化合物和重点区域;总结了导致亚硝胺二次生成的重要前体物,并归纳了N-亚硝胺在环境水体及饮用水系统中的一次来源及二次生成的机理过程,探索降低水体中亚硝胺污染的可行措施,为保障饮水安全和生态健康提供关键支撑.N-nitrosamines with high toxicity and carcinogenicity are one of the three carcinogens in addition to aflatoxin and dioxins.With high water solubility and low volatility,they widely occur in environmental water(including surface water and groundwater)and drinking water systems.The high concentrations of N-nitrosamines in environmental waters and drinking water(especially in urban areas)have posed a significant threat to the health of human beings and ecological systems.Nnitrosamines mainly originate from the primary emission of industrial,agricultural,and domestic wastewater.Secondary generation in the presence of precursors is also the key reason for the occurrence of N-nitrosamines in water bodies,which may be more important than primary sources in some cases.This paper reviews the pollution level and composition of N-nitrosamines in environmental water and drinking water,highlighting the dominant and prevalent N-nitrosamine compounds in the water.Furthermore,this paper introduces the critical precursors that lead to the secondary generation of N-nitrosamines and summarizes the primary sources and secondary generation process of N-nitrosamines in the water.Results should shed light on the exploration of feasible measures to reduce N-nitrosamine’pollution in the water and provide critical support for ensuring drinking water safety and ecological health.

关 键 词：环境水体 饮用水 N-亚硝胺 前体物 一次排放 二次生成. 

分 类 号：X-1[环境科学与工程] O6[理学—化学]