代森锌及其代谢物乙撑硫脲在蔬菜中残留风险评估  

Residue and Risk Assessment of Zineb and Its Metabolite ETU in Vegetables

作　　者：叶倩 朱富伟 黄聪灵 罗飞苑 王威利 万凯 陆莹 YE Qian;ZHU Fuwei;HUANG Congling;LUO Feiyuan;WANG Weili;WAN Kai;LU Ying(Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Laboratory of Quality&Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products(Guangzhou),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality&Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products,Guangzhou 510640;Guangdong Agricultural Monitoring Technology Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510640)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院农业质量标准与监测技术研究所/农业农村部农产品质量安全检测与评价重点实验室/农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(广州)/广东省农产品质量安全风险评估重点实验室,广州510640 [2]广东农科监测科技有限公司,广州510640

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第22期143-148,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：公益研究与能力建设项目“广东省农产品质量安全风险评估重点实验室建设”(2019年度)(2019B121203009);广东省科技科派员项目“龙田镇水稻、蔬菜等农产品良种引进与基于食品安全的栽培技术推广”(2023A0304046);广东省农业科学院农业质量标准与监测技术研究所所长基金“广东荔枝中农药多残留分析及安全性评价”(DWJJ-202110)。

摘　　要：通过田间试验研究代森锌及其代谢物乙撑硫脲(ETU)在菜心、叶用莴苣和芹菜中的残留动态,并对通过膳食摄入途径产生的风险进行初步评估。在黑龙江、湖南、云南、河南、山东、广东6地进行65%代森锌可湿性粉剂在菜心、叶用莴苣和芹菜上残留的田间试验,以了解其消解动态和最终残留。采用风险商值法对菜心、叶用莴苣和芹菜中代森锌可能产生的膳食风险进行评估。菜心、叶用莴苣和芹菜样品用盐酸-氯化亚锡溶液在加热条件下产生CS_(2),使用正己烷对CS_(2)进行吸收,使用气相色谱FPD-S检测,测定CS_(2)含量进而对代森锌进行分析计算。使用含有氨水的乙腈对菜心、叶用莴苣和芹菜3种蔬菜样品进行提取,用石墨化碳黑(GCB)吸附剂对提取的上清液进行净化,应用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)检测净化后样品中的乙撑硫脲。田间试验结果表明,代森锌在菜心、叶用莴苣和芹菜中的半衰期分别为4.0~6.0、2.8~6.9、4.1~4.6d,符合一级动力学方程。最终残留试验表明,菜心中ETU的最大残留量为8.62mg/kg,以代森锌计的最终最大残留量为813.3mg/kg;叶用莴苣中ETU的最大残留量为9.61mg/kg,以代森锌计的最终最大残留量为658.0mg/kg;芹菜中ETU的最大残留量为7.22mg/kg,以代森锌计的最终最大残留量为410.1mg/kg;且随着时间的推移代森锌最终残留量逐渐减少。膳食摄入风险评估结果表明,施药后7d菜心、叶用莴苣、芹菜中代森锌的残留摄入风险熵值均小于100%。研究表明,施用65%代森锌可湿性粉剂(WP)防治菜心、叶用莴苣、芹菜中霜霉病,按照推荐剂量使用对人体健康是安全的。In order to determine the residue risks of zineb and its metabolite ETU on Chinese flowering cabbage,lettuce and celery,the residue dissipation and dietary risks of zineb residues were evaluated in field trials.Field trials were designed to evaluate the dissipation and residue of 65%zineb wettable powder in Chinese flowering cabbage,lettuce and celery in Heilongjiang,Hunan,Yunnan,Henan,Shandong and Guangdong.The dietary risks of zineb residues were evaluated by risk quotient method.The vegetables samples were decomposed by HCl-SnCl_(2)into CS_(2)gas,absorbed by hexane,and quantitatively determined by GC-FPD-S detector.The content of CS_(2)was determined and the analysis and calculation of zineb were carried out.The Chinese flowering cabbage,lettuce and celery vegetables samples were extracted with acetonitrile containing NH3·H2O,and the extracted supernatant was cleaned up by GCB adsorbents.The ETU in resulting samples was detected of by HPLC-MS/MS.The results demonstrated that dissipation of zineb in Chinese flowering cabbage,lettuce and celery were in accordance with the first order kinetic equation with half-lives from 4.0 to 6.0 d,2.8 to 6.9 d and 4.1 to 4.6 d,respectively.The maximum residual ETU of final test were 8.62,9.61 and 7.22mg/kg,the final residual maximum counted by zineb were 813.3,658.0 and 410.1 mg/kg,in Chinese flowering cabbage,lettuce and celery,respectively.The final residue of zineb gradually decreased over time.Dietary intake risk assessment results showed that the risk probability of zineb was less-than 100%at 7 d after application of zineb in three vegetables.Rational use of zineb in accordance with the recommended dose during the growth of Chinese flowering cabbage,lettuce and celery is safe to consumers’dietary health.

关 键 词：代森锌 乙撑硫脲 代谢物 蔬菜 残留 膳食风险评估 半衰期 菜心 叶用莴苣 芹菜 

分 类 号：S481.8[农业科学—农药学] TQ450.263[农业科学—植物保护]