微生物菌剂对克氏原螯虾稻田养殖水体浮游植物群落结构和水质的影响  

Effects of Microbial Agents on Phytoplankton Community Structure and Water Quality in Paddy Fields with Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii

作　　者：张露 朱建强[1,2] 李滔 章叶飞 万肖 刘章勇[1,2] 杨军 ZHANG Lu;ZHU Jianqiang;LI Tao;ZHANG Yefei;WAN Xiao;LIU Zhangyong;YANG Jun(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China;Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Ministry of Education,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2024年第4期91-99,共9页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U21A2039);湖北省农业科技创新行动项目(2018skjcx01);湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金(KFT201904).

摘　　要：为改善稻田养殖水体水质,2019年3月—5月,在湖北省荆州市长江大学农业科技园稻虾种养模式试验基地(30°22'12"N,112°4'12"E)的3块稻田中分别施用芽孢杆菌(YB)、光合菌(GH)和不施菌剂(CK),每块1100 m^(2),并以不透水围隔分隔为4个重复小田块,研究在克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)养殖的幼体期、成体期和成熟期施用微生物菌剂对稻田水体浮游植物群落结构和环境因子的影响。调查期间共鉴定出浮游植物8门106种,其中YB(85种)>CK(82种)>GH(80种),不同处理浮游植物种类数在不同养殖期不同,各处理组主要优势种为拟菱形弓形藻(Schroederia nitzschioides)、假鱼腥藻属(Pseudanabaena sp.)、细小平裂藻(Merismopedia tenuissima)和具尾蓝隐藻(Chroomonas caudata)。浮游植物丰度和生物量变化范围分别为3.10×10^(6)~20.45×10^(6)cells·L^(-1)和1.40~8.22 mg·L^(-1),均以绿藻、蓝藻和隐藻占优势。浮游植物丰度总体表现为YB>GH>CK,幼体期和成体期浮游植物生物量总体表现为YB>GH>CK,成熟期表现为CK>YB>GH。浮游植物多样性指数评价结果显示,YB和GH的Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均高于CK,稻田水体水质整体为清洁-中污染型。多元线性回归分析表明,水温、溶解氧和营养盐是影响稻田水体浮游植物群落结构的重要环境因子。综上所述,在稻田养殖水体中施用微生物菌剂可促进浮游植物的生长和改善稻田水体水质与浮游植物群落结构,但改善效果有限。To assess the impact of microbial agents on water quality in paddy fields with Procambarus clarkii,three different treatments were implemented at the Agricultural Science and Technology Park of Yangtze University in Jingzhou City,Hubei Province(30°22'12"N,112°4'12"E).The treatments included the application of Bacillus subtilis(YB),photosynthetic bacteria(GH)and no microbial agents’application(CK).Each treatment covered an area of 1100 m^(2),divided into four repeated smaller fields using impermeable enclosure.The experiments were conducted from March to May in 2019,encompassing the larval,adult,and mature stages of P.clarkii.The study was aimed to investigate the effects of microbial application on the community structure of phytoplankton in paddy field water,along with the associated environmental factors.The results revealed the presence of 106 phytoplankton species from 8 phyla across the three treatments.Among them,85,82 and 80 species were identified in the YB,CK,and GH treatments,respectively.The main dominant species included Schroederia nitzschioides,Pseudanabaena sp.,Merismopedia tenuissima and Chroomonas caudata.The total phytoplankton abundance and biomass in the three treatments were ranged from 3.10×10^(6)cells·L^(-1)to 20.45×10^(6)cells·L^(-1)and 1.40 mg·L^(-1)to 8.22 mg·L^(-1),respectively.Chlorophyta,Cyanobacteria and Cryptophyta were the predominant phyla in all treatments.During the juvenile and adult stages,both phytoplankton abundance and biomass followed the order YB>GH>CK,while in the mature stage,the order was CK>YB>GH.The Margalef,Pielou and Shannon-Wiener indices indicated higher diversity in the YB and GH treatments compared to the CK treatment.Based on these diversity indices,the water quality in paddy fields ranged from lightly to moderately polluted.Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that water temperature,dissolved oxygen and nutrients were significant environmental factors influencing the structure of phytoplankton communities in the paddy fields of P.clarkii.Ove

关 键 词：浮游植物 微生物菌剂 稻田 克氏原螯虾 

分 类 号：S963.211[农业科学—水产养殖]