长爪沙鼠脑缺血和听觉障碍模型研究进展  

Research Advances in Mongolian Gerbil Models of Cerebral Ischemia and Auditory Impairment

作　　者：张梓珊 伍颖 李飞扬 杜小燕[1] ZHANG Zishan;WU Ying;LI Feiyang;DU Xiaoyan(School of Basic Medical Sciences,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学基础医学院,北京100069

出　　处：《实验动物与比较医学》2024年第4期419-427,共9页Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“近交系长爪沙鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤和两种2型糖尿病模型的创建及关键技术研究”(2021YFF0702402);国家自然科学基金资助项目“自发性糖尿病长爪沙鼠肥胖与非肥胖亚系的定向培育及其脂肪组织为靶点的分子机制”(32170540)。

摘　　要：目前分布在世界各地的实验动物长爪沙鼠均源自中国。早在1930年代,野生长爪沙鼠经人工驯养后被引入医学研究。时至今日,长爪沙鼠已经成为一种公认的“多功能实验动物”,被广泛应用于脑神经、寄生虫和微生物、肿瘤等研究领域。长爪沙鼠具有独特的脑底动脉解剖学特点,例如先天性Willis环缺失。因此,用单侧颈总动脉结扎的简易手术操作既可以构建脑缺血或脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,还可以实现同体对照。长爪沙鼠的这一解剖特点不仅增加了脑缺血的敏感性,也易于诱导耳蜗缺血。因此,长爪沙鼠在制备听觉障碍模型中也发挥重要作用。长爪沙鼠脑缺血模型和听觉障碍模型的发病过程和病理表现均与人类患者有诸多相似之处。科学家们利用长爪沙鼠构建了脑缺血模型、脑缺血再灌注损伤模型、耳蜗缺血模型、人工耳蜗植入模型、感音性神经性耳聋模型等,均取得显著成效。本文重点阐述当前长爪沙鼠脑缺血模型和听觉障碍模型的创制方法和评价指标,讨论各种造模方法的优缺点及其应用进展,以期为长爪沙鼠在这两个重要领域的应用提供理论依据和借鉴。The Mongolian gerbil currently used as laboratory animals worldwide all originates from China.As early as the 1930s,wild Mongolian gerbils were domesticated and introduced into medical research.Today,they have become recognized multifunctional laboratory animals and are extensively used in various fields such as brain nerve studies,parasitology and microbiology,and oncology,etc.Mongolian gerbils possess unique anatomical characteristics in the basal cerebral arteries,such as a congenital absence of the Willis'circle,making it possible to construct cerebral ischemia or cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury models with simple procedures of unilateral common carotid artery ligation,while also enabling intra-individual control.These anatomical features also increase their sensitivity to cerebral ischemia and make them more prone to cochlear ischemia,therefore playing a crucial role in the preparation of auditory impairment models.The disease progression and pathological manifestations in Mongolian gerbils show many similarities to those observed in human patients.Researchers have successfully used Mongolian gerbils to develop models of cerebral ischemia,cerebral ischemiareperfusion,cochlear ischemia,cochlear implantation,and sensorineural hearing loss,achieving significant results.This article focuses on the current methods and assessment indicators for constructing Mongolian gerbils models of cerebral ischemia and auditory impairment.It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various modelling techniques,and explores their application progress,aiming to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the application of Mongolian gerbils in these two important research areas.

关 键 词：长爪沙鼠 脑缺血模型 听觉障碍模型 WILLIS环 

分 类 号：R-332[医药卫生] Q95-33[生物学—动物学]