某中学学生的近视流行现状和影响因素分析  

Analysis on the prevalence and influencing factors of myopia among students in a middle school

作　　者：王青松 付用丽 费月 廖帅举 WANG Qingsong;FU Yongli;FEI Yue;LIAO Shuaiju(Physical Education and Research Section,Shenshan junior middle school in Lanling County,Lanling 277722,China;Mathematics Teaching and Research Section,Linyi No.5 Experimental Primary School,Linyi 276017,China;Department of Rehabilitative Medicine,Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital,Affiliated Hospital of Medical School,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210046,China;Department of Endocrinology,Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital,Affiliated Hospital of Medical School,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210046,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省兰陵县神山镇初级中学体育教研室,山东临沂277722 [2]山东省临沂第五实验小学数学教研室,山东临沂276017 [3]南京大学医学院附属泰康仙林鼓楼医院康复医学科,江苏南京210046 [4]南京大学医学院附属泰康仙林鼓楼医院内分泌科,江苏南京210046

出　　处：《现代医学》2024年第8期1272-1279,共8页Modern Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的:调查分析某初级中学学生近视流行现状及影响因素,为科学制定防控策略提供依据。方法:采用简单随机抽样方法,对初一至初三年级的学生采用自我报告的方式进行问卷调查。运用SPSS 20.0软件进行数据的统计分析,单因素分析采用卡方检验,多因素分析运用Logistic回归分析。结果:共有1410人参与调查,其中男698人、女712人,总体近视率为51.8%;初一至初三的学生分别为422、548、440人;农村户籍1388人,占98.4%。单因素分析结果显示,与不近视的学生比较,近视的学生为女性、父母佩戴近视镜、知晓“每天户外活动时间”、知晓“每天坚持做眼保健操”、躺着看书或电子产品、每天户外活动时间为1 h、每天做作业的时间3 h以上的比例更高;知晓“良好用眼习惯”、知晓“开展散瞳检查诊断近视”、知晓“高度近视可引发并发症并引发功能损害”、知晓“开展屈光检查的年龄段”、知晓“散瞳药物对眼睛的损害”、每天做眼保健操、学习过预防近视知识、幼儿园检查过近视的比例更低(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:女性(OR=2.46,95%CI 1.93~3.15)、不知晓“开展屈光检查的年龄段”(OR=1.36,95%CI 1.03~1.80)、学校没学过但自己看过预防近视知识(OR=1.46,95%CI 1.03~2.08)、幼儿园未检查过近视(OR=2.52,95%CI 1.96~3.24)是中学生发生近视的危险因素;父母未戴近视镜(OR=0.30,95%CI 0.20~0.45)、未躺着看过书或电子产品(OR=0.49,95%CI 0.33~0.75)是中学生发生近视的保护因素。结论:研究地区初中生的总体近视率较高,近视相关知识知晓率较低,应强化该地区的预防近视知识宣传,让学生养成良好的用眼习惯和行为,以预防近视的发生和进展。Objective:To investigate and analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of myopia among students in a junior middle school in Lanling county,Shandong province,and provide basis for scientific prevention and control strategies.Methods:Simple random sampling was used to investigate the students from grade one to grade three by questionnaire and self-report.SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data.Chi-square test was used for univariable analysis and Logistic regression analysis was used for multivariable analysis.Results:1410 students participated in the survey,698 boys and 712 girls,and the overall myopia rate was 51.8%.The number of students from grade one to grade three was 422,548 and 440.There are 1388 rural students,accounting for 98.4%.The univariate analysis results revealed that,compared to non-myopic students,those with myopia were significantly more likely to be female,have parents who wear glasses for myopia,be knowledgeable about the importance of“engaging in daily outdoor activities,”understand the necessity of“performing eye exercises daily,”read or use electronic devices while lying down,spend one hour daily on outdoor activities,and dedicate more than three hours daily to homework.Conversely,myopic students were significantly less likely to be aware of“proper eye care habits,”understand the procedure of“diagnosing myopia through cycloplegic refraction,”recognize that“high myopia can lead to complications and functional impairments,”know the“appropriate age range for refractive examinations,”comprehend the“potential harm of cycloplegic drugs to the eyes,”perform daily eye exercises,have received education on myopia prevention,and have been screened for myopia in kindergarten(P<0.05).The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that being female(OR=2.46,95%CI 1.93-3.15),not being aware of the age group for refractive eye exams(OR=1.36,95%CI 1.03-1.80),having read myopia prevention information(OR=1.46,95%CI 1.03-2.08),and n

关 键 词：近视 初中生 影响因素 兰陵县 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]