税制设计、避税与关联交易——来自消费税税目调整的证据  

Tax System Design,Tax Avoidance and Related Party Transactions:Evidence from China

作　　者：田彬彬[1,2] 张欢 杨健鹏 TIAN Binbin;ZHANG Huan;YANG Jianpeng(School of Public Finance and Taxation,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law;Research Center for Tax Governance,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law;School of Economics,Xiamen University)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学财政税务学院 [2]中南财经政法大学税收治理研究中心 [3]厦门大学经济学院

出　　处：《数量经济技术经济研究》2024年第9期71-91,共21页Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71973153);高等学校学科创新引智基地(B20084);中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费的资助。

摘　　要：避税动机是企业间关联交易产生的重要原因,但如何构建两者的直接关系是已有研究的难点。中国的消费税在税制设计上采取了生产环节单一征税的模式,而通过关联交易进行转让定价操作是该模式下避税的唯一方式。本文利用2015年消费税税目调整的外生冲击,考察了中国上市公司进行关联交易的避税动机。研究结果显示,与消费税非涉税企业相比,当企业成为消费税涉税企业之后,其流出型商品类关联交易规模出现了显著提升,但对流入型商品类关联交易、非商品类关联交易则没有影响,这符合消费税在生产环节征收的特征。此外,研究还发现,关联交易主要集中在母子公司之间,这同样契合利润在集团内部流转的逻辑。最后,在涉税信息稽核、内部治理水平以及外部监管能力等多个维度,研究结论存在明显的异质性。本文的研究对我国当前消费税体制改革和税制改革具有重要的启示。As a significant form of transaction,inter-company related party transactions are a prevalent phenomenon worldwide.Previous studies have discussed the motivations behind inter-company related party transactions,with tax avoidance being a primary focus.However,establishing a direct relationship between the two has been a challenge in existing research.Based on China’s unique excise tax system,this study attempts to reconstruct the causal logic between tax avoidance and related party transactions.China’s excise tax system adopts a model of single taxation at the production stage,and transfer pricing through related party transactions is the only method of tax avoidance under this model,providing an opportunity to address the aforementioned challenge.Based on micro data of Chinese listed companies from 2010 to 2019 and taking advantage of the exogenous impact of the adjustment of consumption tax items in 2015,this study examines the tax avoidance motives of Chinese listed companies from the perspective of related party transactions.The study finds that,first,compared with non-tax-related enterprises,the level of outward-related party transactions significantly increased for battery and paint production enterprises after they transitioned from non-tax-to tax-related enterprises due to the scope adjustment of the excise tax.Further,the placebo results reveal that the excise tax policy did not affect the inward-related party transactions or non-commodity-related party transactions of listed companies,consistent with the characteristic of excise tax being levied at the production stage.Second,the study finds that related party transactions are mainly concentrated between parent and subsidiary companies.This is because related party transactions reduce the tax base while lowering production stage profits,necessitating transactions within a controllable range,and making transactions between parent and subsidiary companies undoubtedly the least risky.Third,the conclusions exhibit significant heterogeneity across variou

关 键 词：税制设计 避税 消费税 关联交易 

分 类 号：F812.42[经济管理—财政学]