德国全科医学教育培养体系及其对中国的启示  

Enlightenment from German General Practice Education System on China

作　　者：龚曦 刘馨怡 景日泽 Gong Xi(School of Public Administration and Policy,Renmin University of China,Beijing,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872 [2]法兰克福大学医学院,德国法兰克福 [3]中国人民大学人口与健康学院

出　　处：《中国卫生事业管理》2024年第8期916-922,共7页Chinese Health Service Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“‘互联网+’环境下基层医疗卫生服务能力提升与创新发展研究”(19AZD016)。

摘　　要：为实现我国在2030年前每万人口拥有5名高质量全科医生的目标,现亟需健全全科医生教育培养体系,以应对全科医生数量少、水平参差不齐的现实挑战。本文系统梳理德国全科医生现状及其教育培养体系。研究发现,截止2020年德国每万人口已经拥有5.3名全科医生,在职医生中全科医生的数量位列第二,具有很强的职业吸引力。同时,德国全科医学培养具有宽进严出、统一组织考试、公立大学、综合医院及家庭医生诊所联合培养、培养时间较长等特点。相比于德国,截止2020年我国每万人口仅拥有2.9名全科医生,现阶段实行三种路径并行的培养方式,其中转岗培训占比最大,面临高层次人才紧缺的情况。德国相关经验值得我国学习借鉴,以期完善中国特色社会主义全科医生高质量教育培养体系。In order to achieve the goal of having five high-quality general practitioners per 10000 people in China by 2030,it is urgent to improve the education and training system of general practitioners,so as to meet the realistic challenges of insufficient and une-ven level of general practitioners.The current situation of German general practitioners and its education and training system were sys-tematically summarized.Germany has achieved 5.3 general practitioners per 10000 people by 2020,and the number of general practi-tioners ranks the second because of strong occupational attraction.Meanwhile,training for general practitioners in Germany has the characteristics of wide access and strict exit,unified examination,combined training mode by public universities,general hospitals and family doctor clinics,and long training time.Compared with the situation of German general practitioners,until 2020,there were only 2.90 general practitioners per 10000 people in China.In three parallel ways of training system in China,job-transfer training has the greatest proportion,which is facing a shortage of high-level talents.The relevant experience in Germany can be learned to improve the high-quality education and training system of general practitioners with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：医学教育 德国 全科医生 培训 

分 类 号：R192.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]