“子虚”文学史:从赋中人物到小说篇名  

The Literary History of Zi Xu:From a Character in Fu to the Title for Novels

作　　者：王思豪 Wang Sihao

机构地区：[1]澳门大学人文学院,中国澳门999078

出　　处：《文史哲》2024年第4期27-38,164,165,共14页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“辞赋艺术文献整理与研究”(17ZDA249)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：司马相如《子虚赋》以“子虚”为假托人物,托“子”姓而名“虚”,寓含有从契之商,到微子之宋,再到梁园代言人之意,梁园即“子姓之墟”。子虚借由为“楚称”的“虚言”来影射梁王僭礼越制的行为,意图劝谏梁王。“子虚”又引导我们从地理学层面的虚设梁园走向哲学层面的老庄“无为”,以及文学层面的“凭虚构象”的思索。在诗词的世界,因天生具有彰显君臣际遇和崇尚虚静无为的秉性,“子虚”化为盛唐诗人的蓬勃朝气,宋人词中对“大一统”的渴望和知音难觅的悲叹,明清文人归隐山林的一剂触媒,成为儒家积极入世和道家隐逸避世的文人共同的书写对象。在古典文学批评领域,尤其是古典戏曲小说理论中,“子虚”成为品评戏曲小说特色、创设小说人物,甚至直接借为小说篇名的代言人,构成“赋说”与“小说”的直接互渗。自从司马相如创设“子虚”之名起,这个文学作品中虚构的人物便开始驱使后代文士的创作,书写属于“子虚”的文学史。Sima Xiangru named“Zi Xu”as a fictional character in his“Fu of Zi Xu”,which contained from Qi in the Shang dynasty to Weizi in the Song,to as a spokesman of Liangyuan,and then alluded to the behavior of the King of Liang to expostulate with empty words.At the same time,Zi Xu also leads us from the geographical level of fictitious Liangyuan to the philosophical idea of non-interference by Laozi and Zhuangzi,as well as the thinking of“conformation by imaginary”in a literal way.In the poetic world,as the character was endowed with the disposition of manifesting the monarch-subject relationship as well as worshiping inaction and quiescence,Zi Xu turned into the vigorous spirit of the poets in the Tang dynasty,the yearn for unity and lament of bosom friends of Song poems,and a catalyst for the retreat of literati in forest in Ming and Qing dynasties,which had become a common writing object of Confucian and Taoist literati.In the field of classical literary criticism,especially in the theory of classical opera novels,Zi Xu became a spokesman for evaluating the characteristics of opera novels,creating novel characters,and even borrowing the title of novels directly.Since Sima Xiangru created the figure,the fictional characters in the literary works began to drive the creation of later generations of scholars and write the literary history belonging to Zi Xu.

关 键 词：司马相如 《子虚赋》 《子虚记》 凭虚构象 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]