宗法的历史困境与荀子的应对之道——论荀子哲学体系对周秦之变的理论助推  

The Predicament of Patriarchal Clan System and Xunzi's Solution:On the Theoretical Support of Xunzi's Philosophical System to the Zhou-Qin Transition

作　　者：李友广 Li Youguang

机构地区：[1]西北大学中国思想文化研究所,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《文史哲》2024年第4期89-100,166,167,共14页Literature,History,and Philosophy

摘　　要：周秦之变是贯穿于春秋战国时期的时代主题,规定着先秦诸子的思维理路与思考方向。处于周秦之变中的诸子如何应对社会的转型与时代的变化,这是先秦政治哲学研究的重要论题。作为身处战国晚期的荀子,他主要通过天人相分彰显人文理性精神、援法入礼弱化宗法伦理、以性朴欲趋恶导向制度建设、圣王合一尊君王权威四个方面建构起了适应和助推周秦之变的哲学体系。从荀子到韩非之间的这种弱私门、张公室、强君权的思维理路,既是战国时期家国之间的矛盾、冲突已然难以调和的体现,也是古代中央集权制度正式确立前在思想领域发出的有力先声。The transition between the Zhou and Qin dynasties is the era theme running through the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period,defining the cognitive paths and directions of thought for the pre-Qin scholars.How the scholars in this period responded to the societal transformation and the changes of their time is an important topic in the studies of pre-Qin political philosophy.Xunzi who lived in the late Warring States period,mainly emphasized humanistic rationality through the distinction between mankind from Heaven,weakened the ethical norms of patriarchal clan system by integrating law into rites,advocated the institution building guided by the simplicity of human nature and the desire tending toward evil,and created the authority of ruler by unifying the monarch and the sage king,constructing a philosophical system that adapted to and promoted the transition between the Zhou and Qin dynasties.This line of thinking,from Xunzi to Han Fei,which emphasizes weakening the influence of private lineage and strengthening the authority of the monarch,not only fully reflects the contradictions and conflicts between family and state that were difficult to reconcile in the late Warring States period but also serves as a powerful precursor in the field of thought before the formal establishment of the centralized authoritarian system.

关 键 词：周秦之变 天人相分 援法入礼 性朴欲趋恶 圣王合一 

分 类 号：B222.6[哲学宗教—中国哲学] K225[历史地理—历史学]