北宋君子有党论的困境及程颐的反思  

The Dilemma of Gentlemen's Clique Theory in Northern Song Dynasty and Cheng Yi's Reflections

作　　者：姚季冬 YAO Jidong(College of Marxism,Shaoyang University,Shaoyang,Hunan 422000,China)

机构地区：[1]邵阳学院马克思主义学院,湖南邵阳422000

出　　处：《衡水学院学报》2024年第5期86-93,共8页Journal of Hengshui University

基　　金：湖南省社会科学基金项目(20YBQ086);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(21B0689);教育部社会科学基金项目(23YJC720019)。

摘　　要：程颐朋党论是他对北宋党争及君子有党论反思的结果,他要解决的是北宋君子有党论内在的双重困境:第一,在“各以类聚”的意义上,“君子有党论”同时证成了君子之党和小人之党的正当性;第二,北宋党争表明“君子有党→君子同道”的现实逻辑颠覆了“君子同道→君子有党”的理论逻辑,从而导致党同伐异的恶性党争。程颐用“阴必从阳”的阴阳之理来规范“各从其类”的自然之理,解决了第一个困境;他又提出君子当以教化小人为己任,以“赏功勿用”的原则来对待小人,在一定程度上解决了第二个困境。Cheng Yi's theory of clique was the result of his reflection on the clique struggle in the Northern Song Dynasty and gentlemen's clique theory.What he wanted to resolve was the inherent double dilemmas of gentlemen's clique theory.Firstly,in the sense of"people of the same kind gathering together",this theory justified both the clique of gentlemen and the clique of villains.Secondly,the clique struggle in the Northern Song Dynasty showed that the realistic logic of"from gentlemen's clique theory to gentlemen sharing the same principles"overturned the theoretical logic of""from gentlemen sharing the same principles to gentlemen's clique theory",leading to vicious clique struggles,that is,the consenters were banged together to attack the dissenters.Cheng Yi used the principle of"yin must follow yang"in the theory of yin and yang to regulate the natural principle of"people of the same kind gathering together,thus solving the first dilemma.He also proposed that gentlemen should take it as their responsibility to educate villains and treat them with the principle of"rewarding those who have merits but not misusing them",which solved the second dilemma to a certain extent.

关 键 词：朋党 “君子有党论” 君子 小人 程颐 

分 类 号：B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学]