《周易》卦爻辞所见“诚信”思想诠解——兼论《周易》的性质  

Interpretation of the Concept of“Integrity”in the Hexagrams and Lines of the Yijing:Revisiting the Nature of the Yijing

作　　者：夏虞南 廖名春[3,4] XIA Yunan;LIAO Mingchun(Institute of Ancient History,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Innovative Platform for Collaborative Research on the Project of Ancient Chinese Characters and Chinese Civilization Inheritance and Development,Beijing 100101,China;Research and Conservation Center for Unearthed Texts,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Institute of Confucius Culture,Qufu Normal University,Qufu,Shandong 273100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院古代史研究所,北京100101 [2]“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”协同攻关创新平台,北京100101 [3]清华大学出土文献研究与保护中心,北京100084 [4]曲阜师范大学孔子文化研究院,山东曲阜273100

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期115-126,共12页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划资助(项目编号:DF2023YS15);国家社会科学基金冷门绝学专项学术团队项目“先秦两汉出土易类文献汇纂通考与话语体系建构研究”(项目编号:23VJXT002)。

摘　　要：诚信作为古今通义,是传统核心价值观的重要体现。《周易》卦爻辞中蕴含着丰富深刻的“诚信”思想,是《周易》的基本精神和核心价值之一,表达集中于“孚”“躬”“贞”“允”四字。结合各类新出文献考释与“孚”“躬”“贞”“允”四字相关的卦爻辞,探析此四字本义,分析前学对卦爻辞的误释。“孚”释为“信”,大多可理解为“诚信”;释作“符合”“相应”时,表示历法与天象、天时相合;释作“信服”时,指心悦诚服;释作“仁爱”时,则表示因仁爱而让人信服。“躬”释作“信”,二字音韵、字形密切,释作“诚信”之义,卦爻辞文意更加通顺。“贞”当训为“正、定、静”,且有“贞固”之义,强调不变化、固定,符合对君子固守“诚信”之德的要求。“允”本作“果然”“确实”之义,商周之际出现了“诚信”的用法。如此释读,既能坐实《周易》本经是哲理之书,也能印证孔子解《易》思想与方法的正确,孔子重信当源于《周易》。This paper explores the concept of“integrity”as it is manifested in the hexagrams and lines of the Yijing(the Book of Changes).Integrity has long been regarded as a universal concept and a core value in traditional Chinese thought.The Yijing offers profound interpretations of these symbolic representations,which convey rich ideas about the fundamental spirit and value of integrity.The study focuses on the relevant concepts of Fu孚,Gong躬,Zhen贞,and Yun允,examining recently unearthed literature and re-interpreting the associated hexagrams and lines.The paper challenges previous scholars’understandings and provides new insights into the original meanings of these key terms.Fu,often equated with Xin信(trustworthiness),can be broadly interpreted as integrity.When it signifies“in accordance with”or“corresponding,”it indicates the alignment between the calendar and celestial phenomena.In the sense of“being convinced,”it refers to sincere and wholehearted persuasion.As“benevolence,”it involves convincing others through kindness.Gong can also be interpreted as integrity,sharing phonetic and structural similarities with Xin,shedding new light on the relevant hexagram and line texts.Zhen should be translated as“upright,steady,and calm,”akin to Zhen gu贞固,emphasizing the immutability and stability that are essential for the literati(Shi士)to uphold the virtue of integrity.Yun originally meant“indeed”and“truly,”but its meaning shifted to integrity during the Shang(circa 1600 BC-1046 BC)and Zhou(1046 BC-256 BC)dynasties.The nuanced interpretations of these four terms not only illuminate the philosophical underpinnings of the Yijing but also resonate with Confucian thought.Confucius’emphasis on Xin(integrity)likely draws heavily from the Yijing.

关 键 词：诚信 《周易》卦爻辞 孚 躬 贞 允 

分 类 号：B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学]