儿童口呼吸的多学科诊疗原则  

Multidisciplinary sequential diagnosis and treatment for mouth breathing in children

作　　者：李远远 刘月华 LI Yuanyuan;LIU Yuehua(Department of Orthodontics,Shanghai Stomatological Hospital,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillo-facial Development and Diseases,Shanghai 200001,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市口腔医院口腔正畸科,上海市颅颌面发育与疾病重点实验室,上海200001

出　　处：《口腔医学》2024年第8期565-569,共5页Stomatology

基　　金：上海市颅颌面发育畸形研究中心重中之重项目(2023ZZ02009);上海市卫生健康委员会面上项目(202340147)。

摘　　要：儿童口呼吸不仅影响儿童的牙颌面生长发育,还可能因合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停而严重影响患儿的身心健康。口呼吸包括阻塞性口呼吸和习惯性口呼吸,其发生发展可能与炎症、免疫、遗传、发育异常等相关,也可能累及牙颌面发育、牙齿排列及咬合关系、颞下颌关节、口周肌群功能、上气道大小等。因此,儿童口呼吸的治疗不仅仅是单纯改变呼吸习惯,而应该是多学科联合针对不同器官/系统的病因而制定序列的治疗方案。本文从口腔正畸医生为主的角度,分析不同类型口呼吸的危害和诊疗流程,为临床医生治疗该疾病提供参考。Mouth breathing in children not only affects the growth and development of teeth and maxillofacial,but also may seriously af⁃fect the physical and mental health of children with sleep disordered breathing.Mouth breathing can be divided into obstructive mouth breathing and habitual mouth breathing.Its occurrence and development may be related to various systemic diseases such as allergy,in⁃flammation,immunity,genetics,etc.It also involves changes in the structure of the oral temporomandibular joint,perioral muscle group,dental arch morphology,and development of the upper and lower jaws.Therefore,the treatment of mouth breathing in children should be a multidisciplinary combined sequential treatment plan based on the causes associated with different organs or systems.From the perspective of orthodontists,this paper analyzes the diagnosis and treatment process of different types of mouth breathing,so as to provide reference for clinicians.

关 键 词：口呼吸 错牙合畸形 多学科联合序列治疗 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 

分 类 号：R783.5[医药卫生—口腔医学]