美国在线考试的发展历程、经验及启示  

The Digitalization Process,Experience,and Implication of Educational Examination:A Case Study of Online Examinations in the United States

作　　者：徐光木 叶琳 张屹[3] 金晓祺 XU Guangmu;YE Lin;ZHANG Yi;JIN Xiaoqi(Hubei Normal University,Huangshi 435002,China;Hubei Provincial Education Examination Authority,Wuhan 430077,China;Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北师范大学,湖北黄石435002 [2]湖北省教育考试院,武汉430077 [3]华中师范大学,武汉430079

出　　处：《中国考试》2024年第9期76-85,共10页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：2023年度湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究重点项目“校外培训协同治理的国际经验及湖北探索研究”(23D083)。

摘　　要：数字化代表着未来教育考试的发展方向。20世纪90年代以来,从基于局域网、互联网的在线考试到虚拟考场,美国在线考试在全球范围内率先实现跨越式发展,有力推动了教育考试数字化进程。美国在线考试的主要特征表现为以新兴技术为先导,以标准化考试为本体,以服务考生需求为驱动;其主要经验体现在以理论研究指导发展、全方位推进专业化、紧扣时代脉搏持续优化技术应用。美国在线考试在发展过程中也暴露出一些问题,如反作弊陷入技术主义路径、标准化考试模式备受质疑、部分家庭网络难以支撑发展要求。美国在线考试的发展对我国的启示包括在线考试是考试数字化发展必然趋势,不宜过于倚重技术主义路径,而应立足新基建实际等。Digitization represents the future trajectory for educational examinations.Since the 1990s,the United States has been at the forefront of driving global advancements in online examination,transitioning from LAN-based and Internet-based testing to virtual examination halls,effectively catalyzing the digitalization of educational examination processes.Key attributes of these advancements include integrating cutting-edge emergent technologies to standardize testing while addressing candidate requisites.The primary experience revolves around steering developmental trajectories through theoretical inquiry,holistically fostering professional standards,and continually refining technological implementations attuned to contemporary demands.However,challenges such as technical pitfalls in anti-cheating measures,questioning of standardized examination models,and network-related impediments for some households have emerged.The development of online examinations in the United States provides some insights for China,highlighting the inevitability of transitioning to digital education assessments and the need to avoid over-reliance on technological solutions.Instead,the focus should be on aligning with the actual requirements of the new infrastructure.

关 键 词：教育考试数字化 在线考试 虚拟考场 标准化考试 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]