工业智能化对就业的影响及其机制分析  

Influence and Mechanism of Industrial Intelligence on Employment

作　　者：沈洋 张秀武 SHEN Yang;ZHANG Xiuwu(Institute of Quantitative Economics and Statistics,Huaqiao University,Xiamen 361021,China)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学数量经济与统计研究院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《经济与管理》2024年第5期41-49,共9页Economy and Management

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金项目(2022J01320)。

摘　　要：系统性梳理了工业智能化影响就业的理论逻辑,基于2006—2021年中国269个城市的面板数据,运用双向固定效应、动态门槛模型和两阶段中介效应模型考察工业智能化对企业劳动力需求的影响及其路径机制。研究表明,工业智能化对劳动力的影响总体呈现创造效应,即先进的数字技术创造了更多的工作岗位,劳动力市场上岗位供给总体上表现为动态增加。上述结论经过内生性识别和稳健性检验后依然成立。工业智能化对劳动力需求的影响并非简单线性的。当工业机器人安装密度超过一定门槛值时,生产率效应和补偿效应共同作用下劳动分工持续深化,引致企业进一步提高劳动力需求。机制研究表明,工业智能化可以通过促进产业协同集聚和改善劳动力价格扭曲的渠道增加就业岗位。Based on the panel data of 269 cities in China from 2006 to 2021,this paper investigates the impact of industrial intelligence on the labor demand of enterprises and its path mechanism by using the two-way fixed effect model,dynamic threshold model,and two-stage intermediary effect model.Research shows that the overall impact of industrial intelligence on the labor force is a"creation effect",that is,advanced digital technology creates more jobs,and the supply of jobs in the labor market is generally dynamic.The conclusion is still valid after the endogeneity identification and robustness test.However,the positive effect is non-linear.When the installation density of industrial robots exceeds a certain threshold value,the division of labor continues to deepen under the combined action of the production efficiency effect and compensation effect,causing enterprises to further increase labor demand.Mechanism studies have shown that industrial intelligence can increase employment by promoting industrial synergistic agglomeration and improving labor price distortions.The paper concludes that in the context of the digital China era,the introduction and installation of industrial ro-bots by enterprises can affect the optimal allocation of the labor market,which has important reference significance for guiding industrial digitalization and intelligent transformation and promoting the high-quality development of people's livelihood.

关 键 词：工业智能化 人工智能 工业机器人 就业 产业协同集聚 价格扭曲 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济] F424.3[经济管理—国民经济]