土壤微塑料与重金属复合污染机理及其植物生理效应研究进展  

The Combined Pollution Mechanism of Microplastics and Heavy Metals in the Soil and Physiological Effects on Plants: A Review

作　　者：黄硕霈 谭长银[1] 涂晨[3] 曹雪莹 杨佳[1,2] 邢倩雯 马军 张培育 HUANG Shuo-pei;TAN Chang-yin;TU Chen;CAO Xue-ying;YANG Jia;XING Qian-wen;MA Jun;ZHANG Pei-yu(School of Geographical Sciences,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China;Rural Vitalization Research Institute,Changsha University,Changsha 410022,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学地理科学学院,中国长沙410081 [2]长沙学院乡村振兴研究院,中国长沙410022 [3]中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(南京土壤研究所),中国南京210008

出　　处：《湖南师范大学自然科学学报》2024年第4期104-112,共9页Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42107018,22241602,42177039);湖南省科技厅创新型省份建设专项经费资助项目(2020NK2001);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2021JJ40630)。

摘　　要：微塑料能够吸附土壤中的重金属并形成复合污染,改变单一污染物的环境行为,进而影响植物生长发育。本研究综合评述了土壤微塑料与重金属的复合污染机理、关键控制因素及其对植物的生理影响。土壤中的微塑料可作为载体吸附重金属,影响重金属的生物有效性,改变重金属在土壤-植物系统中迁移行为,且该过程与微塑料种类、形貌、粒径、老化程度以及重金属种类、浓度、生物有效性等因素密切相关。土壤微塑料与重金属能够吸附在植物表面或进入植物体内,影响植物生长,改变光合作用强度,诱导氧化应激和抗氧化活性酶变化,影响植物代谢和营养吸收等。同时,植物体内富集的微塑料与重金属可沿食物链进行迁移,威胁人类生命健康。本文最后对土壤微塑料与重金属复合污染的研究进行了展望,以期为后续研究提供参考。Microplastics could adsorb heavy metals and form combined pollution in the soil,thereby altering the environmental behavior of a single pollutant,which affects plant growth.Here,the mechanism and impact factors of the combined pollution of microplastics and heavy metals in the soil and its physiological effects on plants were reviewed comprehensively.Microplastics in the soil could be used as carriers to adsorb heavy metals,affect their bioavailability,and change the migration behavior of heavy metals in the soil-plant system.And the process is related to the type,morphology,particle size,and aging of microplastics,as well as the type,concentration,and bioavailability of heavy metals.Microplastics and heavy metals in the soil can adsorb onto the plant surface or enter the plant body,affect the plant growth,alter the photosynthetic intensity,induce the oxidative stress and antioxidant active enzyme changes,and affect the plant metabolism and nutrient absorption.Meanwhile,microplastics and heavy metals enriched in plants can migrate along the food chain,and further threaten human health.Finally,future research of the combined pollution of microplastics and heavy metals in the soil is prospected to provide references for the subsequent research.

关 键 词：土壤-植物系统 微塑料 重金属 复合污染 生理效应 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53