拐枣主栽品种果实的经济性状和营养成分分析及综合评价  

Comprehensive evaluation and analysis on fruit economic characteristics and nutrient composition of Hovenia varieties

作　　者：卢孟飞 陈瞳晖 莫双凤 向甲斌 梁琪 赖勇 丁申 陈圆圆 张党权 李明婉 LU Mengfei;CHEN Tonghui;MO Shuangfeng;XIANG Jiabin;LIANG Qi;LAI Yong;DING Shen;CHEN Yuanyuan;ZHANG Dangquan;LI Mingwan(College of Forestry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan,China;Xunyang Forestry Technology Extension Station,Ankang 725700,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学林学院,河南郑州450046 [2]旬阳市林业技术推广站,陕西安康725700

出　　处：《经济林研究》2024年第2期112-121,共10页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(32000267);河南省科技攻关项目(232102111018)。

摘　　要：【目的】深入挖掘我国拐枣种质资源,了解目前生产上的主栽拐枣品种之间果实经济性状和营养成分的差异,为优良拐枣品种的选育、引种和果实加工利用提供参考。【方法】以我国拐枣主要产区陕西省旬阳市的3个主栽品种绿拐枣、胖娃娃拐枣和红拐枣为研究对象,调查测定果实的6个主要经济性状及9种营养成分、10种矿物质营养元素和氨基酸的含量,采用单因素方差分析、变异分析、隶属函数值法、相关性分析和主成分分析等方法,对其果实品质进行了综合评价。【结果】经济性状中除了果实纵径和百果质量,不同品种间均呈现显著差异,其中单株产量为110.67~169.33 kg,果实质量为26.77~34.77 g,横径为8.81~10.39 cm,纵径为13.66~15.04 cm,果序轴粗度为4.97~5.51 cm。主要营养成分中除了粗脂肪之外,不同品种拐枣之间均有显著差异,可溶性固形物含量为33.58%~37.68%,可溶性糖含量为25.04%~28.59%,可溶性蛋白含量为1.54%~1.96%,维生素C含量为340.93~488.37 mg/kg,总黄酮含量为0.55%~1.45%,总多酚含量为0.43%~0.96%。3个拐枣品种果肉均含有10种矿质元素和17种氨基酸。相关分析结果显示,果实质量和可溶性糖含量、果序轴粗度与可溶性蛋白含量极显著负相关,可滴定酸含量与果序轴粗度显著负相关,与可溶性蛋白含量显著正相关,水分含量与粗脂肪含量及总黄酮含量与总多酚含量存在显著正相关。主成分分析结果显示,影响拐枣果实品质的主要性状是果实质量、果实纵径、果序轴粗度、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、可滴定酸含量、单株产量、水分含量以及粗脂肪含量。【结论】绿拐枣果实性状的综合得分最高,品质最优,胖娃娃拐枣果实在经济性状方面表现优良,红拐枣果实的总黄酮、总多酚及甜味氨基酸含量最高,在生产和加工领域可根据不同品种的果实性状特点进行选择和推广。【Objective】In order to deeply excavate the Hovenia germplasm resources,the comprehensive evaluation and analysis on economic characteristics and nutrient composition among the main three varieties were determined.Our results could provide the basis for selection,introduction,and processing and utilization of Hovenia.【Method】Three main varieties including Lyu guaizao,Pang wawa guaizao,and Hong guaizao,were taken as the research objects,which were cultivated in Xunyang county,Shaanxi province,the primary cultivation region of Hovenia in China.Six main economic characteristics,nine kinds of nutrient composition,ten mineral elements and multi-amino acids of their fruits were detected.The fruit quality was evaluated comprehensively using the methods including single-factor variance analysis,coefficient of variation analysis,membership function value method,correlation analysis,and principal component analysis.【Result】The economic characteristics showed significant differences among varieties except for longitudinal diameter of fruits and hundred-fruit mass.The yield per plant was 110.67-169.33 kg,fruit mass was 26.77-34.77 g,transverse diameter was 8.81-10.39 cm,longitudinal diameter was 13.66-15.04 cm,and infructescence axis thickness was 4.97-5.51 cm.For the main nutrient composition,there were significant variations observed among different varieties excluding crude fat.The soluble solids content was 33.58%-37.68%,soluble sugars content was 25.04%-28.59%,soluble proteins content was 1.54%-1.96%,vitamin C content was 340.93-488.37 mg/kg,total flavonoids content was 0.55%-1.45%,and total polyphenols content was 0.43%-0.96%.Furthermore,the fruit contained 10 kinds of mineral elements and 17 kinds of amino acids.The results of the correlation analysis revealed an extremely significant negative correlation between the fruit mass and soluble sugar content,as well as thickness of the infructescence axis and soluble protein content.Additionally,a significant negative correlation was observed between titratable

关 键 词：拐枣 经济性状 营养成分 综合评价 

分 类 号：S665.9[农业科学—果树学]