碳化硼陶瓷自润滑研究现状  

State of the Art on Self-lubrication of Boron Carbide Ceramics

作　　者：张巍 张杰[1,2] ZHANG Wei;ZHANG Jie(Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science,Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang 110870,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心,沈阳110016 [2]沈阳工业大学材料科学与工程学院,沈阳110870

出　　处：《中国表面工程》2024年第3期103-114,共12页China Surface Engineering

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金(2022-MS-013);中国科学院金属研究所自主部署项目(E255L401);沈阳材料科学国家研究中心青年人才项目(E21SL412)。

摘　　要：碳化硼(B_(4)C)陶瓷的自润滑对其摩擦学性能具有重要影响,但缺乏这方面的系统性综述介绍。碳化硼具有高的硬度(维氏硬度为36 GPa),因此碳化硼陶瓷是一种应用于耐磨元件的潜在候选材料。然而,碳化硼陶瓷的摩擦因数较高,增加了摩擦系统的能耗,限制了其广泛应用。自润滑是一种可避免外部润滑剂造成污染的方法,揭示碳化硼陶瓷自润滑的机理可为解决碳化硼陶瓷摩擦因数高的问题提供可行参考方案。目前碳化硼陶瓷自润滑的方式主要有预氧化、添加固体润滑剂、构建表面浮雕结构三种。预氧化是将碳化硼陶瓷预先在空气环境中进行高温下氧化处理,使其表面生成氧化层;添加固体润滑剂是将具有层状晶体结构的材料添加到碳化硼陶瓷基体中,在滑动过程中固体润滑剂从碳化硼陶瓷基体中脱落,从而在碳化硼陶瓷的磨损面上形成一层外部润滑层;构建表面浮雕结构是在碳化硼陶瓷基体中引入硬度相对较低的第二相,利用两相晶粒的硬度差,在滑动过程中原位生成凹凸的表面形貌。这些自润滑方法虽然存在技术上的局限,但仍可在一定工况下实现碳化硼陶瓷的自润滑,减小摩擦副的摩擦因数,降低摩擦系统的能耗。总结近年来碳化硼陶瓷自润滑的相关研究进展,并对碳化硼陶瓷自润滑未来的研究方向进行展望,研究结果填补了碳化硼陶瓷自润滑领域目前缺少综述文章来引领的空白,可为碳化硼陶瓷自润滑的设计、研究及应用提供有益的指导。Self-lubrication of boron carbide(B_(4)C)ceramics significantly influences their tribological properties.However,systematic studies on the mechanism and techniques of self-lubrication of boron carbide ceramics have not been conducted extensively.Boron carbide has high hardness(Vickers hardness is 36 GPa);thus,boron carbide ceramics are potential candidate materials for use as wear-resistant components.However,the friction coefficient of boron carbide ceramics is high,which increases the energy consumption of the frictional system;thus,the widespread application of boron carbide ceramics is limited.Self-lubrication can prevent contamination caused by external lubricants,revealing that the self-lubrication mechanism of boron carbide ceramics can provide a feasible reference for solving the high friction coefficient of boron carbide ceramics.Currently,three methods are mainly used for the self-lubrication of boron carbide ceramics:preoxidation,the addition of solid lubricants,and the construction of a relief structure on the surface.Preoxidation refers to the high-temperature oxidation treatment of boron carbide ceramics in advance in an air environment,which forms an oxide layer comprising B2O3,H3BO3,or both on their surfaces.After the oxidation treatment,H3BO3 with a layered crystal structure or B2O3 generated on the surface of boron carbide ceramics causes a lubrication effect.The residual graphite formed during oxidation may also perform a lubrication function.Although boron carbide ceramics can achieve self-lubrication after a preoxidation treatment,the effect of the preoxidation treatment on the wear rate of boron carbide ceramics is unclear.The reason for applying a solid lubricant is to add a material with a layered crystal structure to the boron carbide ceramic matrix.During the sliding process,the solid lubricant peels off from the boron carbide ceramic matrix and smears on the worn surface of the boron carbide ceramics,forming an external lubricating layer.The wear rate of boron carbide ceramics with soli

关 键 词：碳化硼陶瓷 自润滑 预氧化 固体润滑剂 浮雕结构 

分 类 号：TB321[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TH117[机械工程—机械设计及理论]