淮北地区量质效协调栽培技术对小麦生长发育和产量的影响  

The Effect of Quantity and Efficiency Coordinated Cultivation Techniques onWheat Development, and Yield in Huaibei Area

作　　者：刘秀秀 陈露婷 陈惠华 徐鹏 李振宏 朱新开[2] LIU Xiuxiu;CHEN Luting;CHEN Huihua;XU Peng;LI Zhenhong;ZHU Xinkai(The Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Suining County,Suining Jiangsu 221200,China;College of Agriculture,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225000,China)

机构地区：[1]睢宁县农业技术推广中心,江苏睢宁221200 [2]扬州大学农学院,江苏扬州225000

出　　处：《耕作与栽培》2024年第4期40-44,共5页Tillage and Cultivation

基　　金：江苏省现代农业(稻麦)产业技术体系建设项目(JATS[2022]079)。

摘　　要：为验证小麦量质效协调栽培技术,研究不同播期、播量、肥料运筹对淮北地区小麦生长发育和产量的影响,选用本地品种徐麦2100为试验材料,于2022—2023年开展淮北地区量质效协调栽培技术对小麦生长发育和产量的影响试验。结果表明,不同量质效协调栽培技术组合中的播期、播量、肥料运筹显著影响小麦生育进程、苗情素质和产量;从群体质量和产量看,播前喷灌造墒比播后喷灌造墒效果好。随着组合中播期的推迟,从播种到出苗所需的积温增加,全生育期缩短,全生育期所需积温降低;主茎叶龄变小,总茎蘖数、单株分蘖数、大于等于3.1叶和4.1叶的大分蘖数和单株次生根减少,每667 m~2穗数和实际产量降低;通过每百公斤籽粒用N量分析表明,不适宜的播期耗费更多的肥料,不仅产量低而且肥料投入大,成本高收益低,小麦高产、相对高产主要得益于适期早播、精量播种和合理的肥料运筹。In order to verify the coordinated cultivation technology of quantity,quality and efficiency of wheat,and study the effects of different sowing dates,sowing amounts and fertilizer operations on wheat growth,development and yield in Huaibei area,the local real estate variety Xumai2100 was selected as the test material,and the experiment on the effects of coordinated cultivation technology of quantity,quality and efficiency on wheat growth,development and yield in Huaibei area was carried out in 2022-2023.The results showed that sowing date,sowing amount and fertilizer operation significantly affected wheat growth process,seedling quality and yield.In terms of population quality and yield,the effect of spraying irrigation before sowing was better than that after sowing.With the delay of sowing date,the accumulated temperature from sowing to emergence increased,the whole growth period shortened,and the accumulated temperature decreased.The leaf age of main stem decreased,the total number of tillers per acre,the number of tillers per plant,the number of large tillers of≥3.1 and 4.1 leaves and the number of roots per plant decreased,the number of ears per acre and the actual yield decreased.The analysis of N amount per 100 kg of grain showed that the unsuitable sowing time consumes more fertilizer,not only the yield was low,but also the fertilizer input was large,the cost was high and the benefit was low.The high yield and relative high yield of wheat were mainly due to the early sowing in the suitable period,precise sowing and reasonable fertilizer operation.

关 键 词：播期 播量 肥料运筹 苗情素质 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]