基于模因仿造的欧美外来词的汉化机制研究  

A Study on the Sinicization Mechanism of Euro-American Foreign Words Based on Memetic Calque

作　　者：章宜华[1] ZHANG Yihua

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学外国语言学及应用语言学中心/词典学研究中心,广东广州510420

出　　处：《语言文字应用》2024年第2期88-99,共12页Applied Linguistics

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“百年来欧美外来词语的全息语料库建设与‘汉语化’机制研究”(21JZD050)的资助。

摘　　要：外来词是语言接触的产物,其汉化过程涉及接触双方的社会、文化、语言机制和在语言触变中起主导作用的认知主体。本研究认为,外来词是语言接触的一种自然衍生现象,就像基因作用于人类遗传一样自然。世界各种语言都是由各具特色的语言及文化“基因”——模因(memes)构成的,语言接触中的触变元素就是模因,外来词汉化的过程及模因传播在主体认知中不断地自然演化,受语主体能以模仿和仿造的方式把源语言的语言文化模因无缝融入到汉语中来。本文以欧美外来词研究现状为切入点,运用概念整合理论,以模因仿造的方法来探讨外来词的汉化机制,为外来词进一步的研究(性质界定、分类和规范)建立一套可操作的基本方法。Words of foreign origin in Chinese are the outcome of language contact,and their sinicization process involves the social,cultural and linguistic mechanisms of both parties concerned,as well as the cognitive subject who plays a dominant role in the contact-induced changes in language.This study believes that foreign words in Chinese are a natural derivative of language contact,just like genes acting on human heredity.All languages in the world are composed of unique language and cultural"genes"--the memes.The elements of contact-induced changes in language contact are memes.The process of the sinicization of foreign words and the spreading of their memes are susceptible to a continuous and natural evolution in the subject's cognition.The subject can seamlessly integrate the language and cultural memes of the source language into Chinese by imitation and replication.This paper,starting with the current situation of the research on foreign words,attempts to adopt the Conceptual Integration Theory to explore the sinicization mechanism of foreign words by means of memetic calque,and establishes a set of operational basic methods for the further research on words of foreign origin(e.g.decisive definition,classification and standardization).

关 键 词：语言接触 外来词 外来词汉化 模因仿造 语言共变 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语]