自然灾害风险监测框架及产品体系设计  

Natural disaster risk monitoring framework and product system design

作　　者：和海霞 李博 李儒 陈伟涛[4] HE Haixia;LI Bo;LI Ru;CHEN Weitao(National Disaster Reduction Center of China,Ministry of Emergency Management of the People’s Republic of China,Beijing 100024,China;National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of Emergency Management of the People’s Republic of China,Beijing 100085,China;Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]应急管理部国家减灾中心,北京100024 [2]应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院,北京100085 [3]中国科学院空天信息创新研究院,北京100094 [4]中国地质大学(武汉),湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2024年第4期130-138,共9页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3901200)。

摘　　要：自然灾害风险监测是防灾减灾救灾领域的基础性和前沿性工作,为风险评估、灾害预警和综合减灾提供基础数据和研判信息。自然灾害风险监测当前处于理论研究和业务探索阶段,存在业务服务不精准、产品体系不健全、实践难题未凝练、关键技术未突破和监测站网不完备等难题,还不能满足灾害风险早发现、早识别和早防范的现实需求。结合多灾种灾害链基础理论和业务实践,阐明“为何监测、何时监测、怎么监测、监测哪里、监测什么”等业务系统化、体系化发展思路。为全面提升自然灾害风险监测产品决策支撑能力,设计了包括业务体系构建、关键技术突破、标准规范形成、数据库建设、应用平台开发和典型应用推广等在内的总体框架,构建应用场景、产品类型和产品要素一体化的科学精细的业务产品体系。Natural disaster risk monitoring is basic and frontier for disaster prevention,mitigation and relief.It provide fundamental data and interpretive information for risk assessment.Currently,it is in the stage of theoretical research and business exploration,and there are problems such as inaccurate business services,imperfect product system,unrefined practical problems,unsolved key technologies,and incomplete monitoring station network,which cannot meet the needs of disaster risks early detection,identification,and prevention.Development strategies of why,when,how,where and what to monitor were clarified by combining the basic theory and operational practice of multi-hazard disaster chain.A general product services framework was designed to enhance decision making capabilities,which was made of business system construction,key technology breakthrough,standard specification formation,database construction,application platform development and typical application promotion.The scientific and refined business product system was designed to promote business capacity systematically.

关 键 词：多灾种灾害链 风险监测 框架设计 产品体系 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]