1949—2021年我国成灾地震及其损失的时空特征  

Spatiotemporal characteristics of disaster-inducing earthquakes and their losses in China from 1949 to 2021

作　　者：张令心[1,2] 刘妍 钟江荣 张云霞[3] 张鹏 ZHANG Lingxin;LIU Yan;ZHONG Jiangrong;ZHANG Yunxia;ZHANG Peng(Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,Harbin 150080,China;Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation,Ministry of Emergency Management,Harbin 150080,China;National Disaster Reduction Center of China,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地震局工程力学研究所地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [3]应急管理部国家减灾中心,北京100124

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2024年第4期152-163,共12页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U2139209);中国地震局专项(CEA202112)。

摘　　要：为了解地震致灾规律,有效制定防灾减灾规划,进一步减轻地震灾害损失,收集整理了1949—2021年我国及周边地区震级不小于5.0级的成灾地震及其灾害损失数据,从时间、空间两方面研究了他们的分布特征,研究结果表明:453次成灾地震共造成死亡约35万人,受伤约76万人,直接经济损失约11249亿元(折算值),其中重大地震灾害造成的灾害损失占比巨大。随着时间推移,年份上存在明显的地震多发年和少发年,年代上成灾地震次数有所增加,地震造成的经济损失加速增长,死亡人数、受伤人数有不同程度的减少。从地域上看,胡焕庸线西侧成灾地震发生频次高但平均损失小;经济分区中,西部地区成灾地震发生频次最高而平均损失最小,东部地区成灾地震次数次之但平均损失最高,中部和东北部地区成灾地震次数最少,灾害损失中等;云南省和四川省成灾地震次数最多,地震灾害损失最严重。同时期地震强度相近的成灾地震,发生在经济发达、人口密度高的区域的人员伤亡和经济损失更为严重。2000年以后小震大灾事件频次增加,多发生在胡焕庸线东侧及经济分区中的东部、中部地区,小震造成的大灾现象由原来的人员伤亡多转向经济损失大。In order to understand the disaster-causing laws of earthquakes,formulae the disaster prevention and mitigation planning effectively,and mitigate earthquake disaster losses,earthquakes data with the magnitude not less than 5.0 and their losses in China and surrounding areas were sorted out from 1949 to 2021.Their distribution characteristics in terms of time and space were studied in detail,and the following conclusions were obtained,453 disaster earthquakes caused about 350,000 deaths,760,000 injuries,and 1124.9 billion RMB of direct economic losses(converted value),of which caused by major seismic hazards accounted for a huge proportion.From the time perspective,there are obvious earthquake-prone and less earthquake-prone years,and the number of catastrophic earthquakes has increased in chronological terms.The economic losses caused by earthquakes accelerated quickly,and the casualties decreased by varying degrees.Geographically,the frequency of earthquakes on the west side of the HU Huanyong Line was higher,but the average loss was lower.In the economic subregions,the western region had the highest frequency of earthquakes and the lowest average loss.The eastern region had the second highest frequency of earthquakes and the highest average loss.The central and northeastern regions had the lowest frequency of earthquakes and medium average losses.Yunnan and Sichuan provinces had the highest frequency of earthquakes and the most severe earthquake losses.For earthquakes with similar intensity in the same period,the casualties and economic losses were more serious in economically developed and densely populated areas.In the 21st century,the frequency of earthquakes with low magnitudes but large-scale disasters increased,and most of them occurred on the east side of the HU Huanyong Line and in the eastern and central parts in the economic subregion.In the events of major disasters caused by minor earqhquakes,the focus has shifted from a high number of casualties to significant economic losses.

关 键 词：成灾地震 人员伤亡 经济损失 时空分布 小震大灾 

分 类 号：P954[天文地球—自然地理学] X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]