冬水田轻简化栽培杂交稻蓄留再生稻产量形成特点  

Yield Formation Characteristics of Ratooning Hybrid Rice Under Simplified Cultivation Practices in Winter Paddy Fields

作　　者：蒋鹏[1,2] 张林 周兴兵[1] 郭晓艺[1] 朱永川[1] 刘茂[1] 郭长春[1] 熊洪 徐富贤[1,2] JIANG Peng;ZHANG Lin;ZHOU Xingbing;GUO Xiaoyi;ZHU Yongchuan;LIU Mao;GUO Chanchun;XIONG Hong;XU Fuxian(Rice and Sorghum Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture,Deyang 618000,China;Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Deyang 618000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所/农业部西南水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,四川德阳618000 [2]四川省作物生理生态及栽培重点实验室,四川德阳618000

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2024年第5期544-554,共11页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：四川省“十四五”生物育种重大科技专项(2022ZDZX0012-02);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-25);四川省农业科学院原始创新项目(YSCX2035-010);四川省天府万人计划科技菁英项目。

摘　　要：【目的】轻简化栽培水稻因具有良好的社会、经济和环境效益而受到了广泛的关注。探明再生稻系统下轻简化栽培对杂交稻头季、再生季产量形成特点的影响,可为再生稻轻简化栽培提供理论依据。【方法】于2021-2022年在四川省典型再生稻区泸州进行大田试验,以7个杂交稻(益两优94、德优6699、泰优1060、蓉7优680、乐3优2275、德优727、锦丰优727)和1个常规稻(金农丝苗)为材料,研究两种栽培方式(免耕直播、免耕抛秧)对杂交稻头季、再生季产量形成特点的影响。【结果】栽培方式和品种基因型对杂交稻头季、再生季及两季总产量影响显著。与免耕抛秧相比,免耕直播头季、再生季及两季总产量分别增加了3.52%~7.37%、18.94%~47.37%、7.04%~14.93%,免耕直播杂交稻蓄留再生稻的增产优势主要表现在有效穗数、结实率、干物质积累量和收获指数上。不同基因型杂交稻头季产量以泰优1060、锦丰优727较高,再生季产量及两季总产量则以泰优1060最高。从2年平均值来看,高产杂交稻(德优6699、泰优1060、德优727、锦丰优727)头季、再生季以及两季总产量分别为8.80、2.53、11.33t/hm^(2),较中低产杂交稻(益两优94、蓉7蓉680、乐3优2275)分别增加了13.54%、6.03%、11.76%;比高产常规稻(金农丝苗)分别增加了9.97%、21.87%、12.41%。与高产常规稻相比,中低产杂交稻头季产量平均降低了3.15%,但其再生季及两季总产量则分别平均增加了14.94%、0.58%。从产量构成来看,高产杂交稻头季、再生季的有效穗数、千粒重均高于高产常规稻。从干物质生产来看,与高产常规稻相比,高产杂交稻头季和再生季成熟期的干物质量、收获指数分别平均增加3.82%和11.16%、5.45%和5.70%。中低产杂交稻头季成熟期干物质积累量低于高产常规稻是其减产的主要原因。【结论】再生稻系统下免耕直播相对于免耕抛栽有明显的增【Objective】Simplified cultivation practices in rice production have attracted significant attention due to their social,economic,and environmental benefits.This study aimed to investigate the impact of simplified cultivation practices on yield formation characteristics of hybrid rice in both the main crop season and ratoon season within a rice-ratoon rice system.The goal was to lay a theoretical foundation for simplified rice cultivation in such a system.【Method】Field experiments were conducted in Luzhou City,Sichuan Province,in 2021 and 2022,involving eight rice varieties,including seven hybrid rice varieties(Yiliangyou 94,Deyou 6699,Taiyou 1060,Rong 7 you 680,Le 3 you 2275,Deyou 727,Jinfengyou 727)and one high-yield inbred rice variety,Jinnongsimiao(JNSM).Each year,the eight rice varieties were cultivated using two methods:NTDS(no-tillage direct seeding)and NTST(no-tillage and seedling throwing).Various parameters such as grain yield,yield components,biomass production,and harvest index were measured for each rice variety in both years.【Result】The results indicated that the main season yield,ratoon season yield,and annual grain yields were significantly influenced by the cultivation method and rice variety.Main season yield,ratoon season yield,and annual grain yields under NTDS were 3.52%-7.37%,18.94%-47.37%,and 7.04%-14.93%higher than those under NTST,respectively.The higher yields under NTDS were attributed to factors such as increased panicle number,grain filling,biomass production,and harvest index.Among the eight rice varieties,Taiyou 1060 and Jinfengyou 727 exhibited high grain yields in the main season,with Taiyou1060 achieving the highest ratoon season yield and annual grain yields.On average over the two years,high-yielding hybrid rice varieties(Taiyou 1060,Deyou 6699,Deyou 727,Jinfengyou 727)reached main season yields of 8.80 t/hm^(2),ratoon season yields of 2.53 t/hm^(2),and annual grain yields of 11.33 t/hm^(2),representing increases of 13.54%,6.03%,and 11.76%compared to medium and low-y

关 键 词：再生稻 杂交稻 常规稻 免耕直播 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]