40个福建茶树品种叶片元素生态化学计量特征  

Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Leaf Elements in 40 Fujian Tea Tree Cultivars

作　　者：朱留刚[1,2] 孙君 张文锦[1,2] ZHU Liu-gang;SUN Jun;ZHANG Wen-jin(Tea Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tea Tree and Oolong Tea Processes in Fujian,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Repulic of China,Fu’an,Fujian 355015,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所,福建福州350013 [2]农业农村部福建茶树及乌龙茶加工科学观测实验站,福建福安355015

出　　处：《茶叶学报》2024年第3期47-56,共10页Acta Tea Sinica

基　　金：福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2020R1029003)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索同一生境条件下不同茶树品种对大量元素的同化利用特征。【方法】对40个福建茶树品种的叶片C、N、P与K元素含量及其化学计量比进行分析,并采用主成分与聚类分析对元素计量等10种特征指标进行综合评价。【结果】茶树叶片有机C、全N、全P和全K含量及其化学计量比等10种指标,除P、C/K、N/K与P/K为非正态分布外,其余C、N、K、C/N、C/P及N/P均呈正态分布。有10个品种N/P值<14,为N限制;有25个品种N/P值>16,呈P限制。以欧氏距离17为临界值,通过聚类分析可将40个品种分为3大类群,其中第Ⅲ类群N/P值<14,呈N限制;而占总数的75%的品种归在第Ⅰ、Ⅱ类群,其N/P值均>16,呈P限制。通过主成分分析,可将10种元素特征参数提取成3个主成分,占解释总方差91.88%。主成分综合评价排名前6位的茶树品种依次为:金牡丹、大叶乌龙、朝阳、金观音、铁观音、大红袍;与叶片高N、P含量的品种高度一致。【结论】N、P元素及其比值可作为元素生态化学计量主成分评价的重要影响因素。本研究可为高N、P同化潜力的种质资源评价、茶树新品种选育及亲本选择提供参考。【Objective】Assimilation of elements by 40 tea cultivars in Fujian in relation with ecology was analyzed.【Method】The contents and stoichiometric ratios of C,N,P,and K in leaves of 40 varieties of tea plants in Fujian were determined for principal component and cluster analyses.Data obtained were evaluated based on 10 selected indicators including contents of C,N,P,and K and ratios of C/N,C/K,C/P,N/K,N/P,and P/K.【Result】Aside from P,C/K,N/K,and P/K,all indicators on the contents of organic C and total N,P,and K as well as the stoichiometric ratios were found normally distributed in the tea leaves.Of the 40 tea varieties,10 were N-limited with a N/P<14,and 25 P-limited with N/P>16.At the critical Euclidean distance of 17,the teas were clustered into 3 categories,i.e.,the N-limited GroupⅢand the P-limited Group I and Group II that comprised 75%of the total.The top 3 principal indicators provided for 91.88%of the total variance explained.The top 6 tea varieties ranked in the order of Jinmudan>Daye-wulong>Chaoyang>Jinguanyin>Tieguanyin>Dahongpao,which agreed with the result base on the N and P contents.【Conclusion】N,P,and N/P of tea leaves appeared to be the crucial indicators for the eco-stoichiometric evaluation in cultivating,selecting,and breeding teas.

关 键 词：茶树叶片 大量元素 生态化学计量 主成分分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]