极端涝害条件下晚播对超强筋小麦济麦44产量与品质的影响  

Effects of Late Sowing on Yield and Quality of Super Strong Gluten Wheat Jimai 44 under Extreme Waterlogging Conditions

作　　者：陈雪燕[1] 张荣亭 程敦公[3] 刘秀坤 单宝雪 蒲艳艳[1] 刘国霞[1] 刘建军[3] 高欣 Chen Xueyan;Zhang Rongting;Cheng Dungong;Liu Xiukun;Shan Baoxue;Pu Yanyan;Liu Guoxia;Liu Jianjun;Gao Xin(Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Jinan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250316,China;Crop Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat&Maize/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow&Huai River Valley,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农作物种质资源研究所,山东济南250100 [2]济南市农业科学研究院,山东济南250316 [3]山东省农业科学院作物研究所/小麦玉米国家工程中心/农业农村部黄淮北部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/山东省小麦技术创新中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2024年第8期44-49,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-06);山东省泰山学者工程项目(tsqnz20221161,tspd20221108);山东省重点研发计划项目(2021LZGC013,2021LZGC025);济南市农业科技成果转化项目(2017-30);山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2023TSGC0360);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2022E01)。

摘　　要：2021年度,山东发生极端涝害,小麦播期整体延迟。本研究以超强筋小麦济麦44为材料,设置5个播期,分析极端涝害条件下不同播期对济麦44产量和品质性状的影响。结果表明:冬前分蘖随播期推迟而明显减少;产量随播期推迟而降低,W_(1)处理(10月25日播种)的最高,为8359.05 kg/hm^(2);穗粒数随播期推迟整体呈减少趋势;单位面积穗数和千粒重整体均呈先增加后减少趋势,W_(1)、W_(2)处理(11月5日播种)显著高于其他处理。W_(3)处理(11月15日播种)小麦籽粒各项品质指标整体较好;产量最高时(W_(1)),籽粒中各矿质元素含量均最低;籽粒品质较好时(W_(3)),各矿质元素含量相对也较高,尤其是K、Na、Zn、Se、Cu的含量均最高。综上得出,如遇极端天气,鲁中地区超强筋小麦济麦44的播期控制在11月15日之前时,晚播对其产量和品质的影响较小,可实现一定程度上的优质高产,并且对矿质元素含量的影响较小。Under the conditions of extreme waterlogging in 2021,the sowing date of wheat was postponed as a whole.In this study,the super strong gluten wheat Jimai 44 was used as material,and five late sowing dates were set to study the impact of different late sowing date on yield and quality of Jimai 44.The results showed that the tillering before winter obviously decreased with the delay of sowing date,resulting in the decrease of yield.Under the W_(1) treatment(sowing on 25th October),the maximum yield was obtained as 8359.05 kg/hm^(2).The number of grains per spike decreased with the delay of sowing date.The number of ears per 666.7m^(2) and thousand-grain weight showed the trend of firstly increasing and then decreasing,and those of W_(1) and W_(2)(sowing on 5th November)treatments were significantly higher compared to the other treatments.The overall quality parameters of the grains were better under W_(3) treatment(sowing on 15th November).When the yield was the highest(W_(1)),the content of various mineral elements in grains were the lowest.When the grain quality was better(W_(3)),the content of various mineral elements were relatively higher,especially that of K,Na,Zn,Se and Cu,which were the highest.Therefore,in case of extreme weather,the latest sowing date for the super strong gluten wheat Jimai 44 in the central region of Shandong Province was recommended to before 15th November to make sure the lowest impact on its yield and quality,which could achieve a certain degree of good quality and high yield,and has relatively small impact on the content of mineral elements.

关 键 词：晚播 济麦44 生育期 产量 品质 矿质元素 

分 类 号：S512.110.4[农业科学—作物学]