行政判决理由效力的解构与重塑  

The Deconstruction and Reconstruction of the Force of Reasons for Judgment of Administrative Litigation

作　　者：马立群[1] MA Liqun

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学行政法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《政治与法律》2024年第9期134-145,共12页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“行政判决效力理论与实证研究”(项目编号:16CFX020);2024年度最高人民检察院检察应用理论研究课题“生效行政裁判抗诉与再审检察建议适用标准研究”(2024年8月15日最高检课题立项公告)的研究成果。

摘　　要：行政判决理由效力在实践中存在裁判观点分歧,主要有既判力、争点效、预决效力、拘束力四种观点。与民事诉讼不同,行政诉讼驳回诉讼请求判决、撤销判决、概括性的履行判决、答复判决等属于典型的“无色判决”,判决主文通常仅宣示裁判的结果而未完整包含审理和裁判的具体内容,因而必须通过判决理由中的判断才能明确判决效力的客观范围。行政判决理由效力的构建应摒弃“全有或全无”的二元确认模式,以防止程序空转和实质性化解行政争议为目标,在分解判决理由要素的基础上进行区别化塑造。行政判决中的事实认定产生预决效力和既判力的遮断效。对于法律适用理由,撤销重作判决的理由具有法定的既判力,其他判决类型采用一体的既判力说作为解释基准,契合我国的诉讼结构和司法实践,即判决理由中对诉讼标的构成要素作出的判断产生既判力的拘束作用。In practice,there are different viewpoints on the force of reasons for judgment of administrative litigation,primarily including res judicata,issue preclusion,prejudicial effect,and binding force.Unlike judgments of civil litigation,judgments of dismissal of claims,judgments of revocation of an administrative act,judgments of general performance and judgments of giving a response in administrative litigation are typically"colorless judgments",the main part of which often declares only the result of the adjudication without including the complete and detailed content of the trial and adjudication,thus necessitating the reference to reasons for judgment to clarify the objective scope of the judgment’s force.Regarding the construction of the force of reasons for administrative judgment,it is advisable to abandon the binary confirmation model of"all or nothing",take the prevention of procedural idleness and substantively resolve administrative disputes as objectives,conduct differentiated shaping on basis of decomposing elements of reasons for judgment.The reasons for finding a fact in an administrative judgment has the preclusive effect of the prejudicial force and res judicata;for reasons for application of law,the reasons for judgment of revoking and remaking an administrative act has the statutory res judicata,and regarding other types of judgments,it is consistent with the litigation structure and judicial practice in China to adopt the doctrine of unified res judicata as the explanatory basis,that is,the decision on the constituent elements of subject matter of the litigation in the reasons for judgment has the binding force of res judicata.

关 键 词：行政诉讼 判决理由 事实认定 法律适用 既判力 

分 类 号：DF74[政治法律—诉讼法学]