海拔对空气细菌及潜在致病菌分布影响:以日喀则地区为例  

Effects of Altitude on Airborne Bacteria and Potential Pathogenic Bacteria:A Case of Shigatse of Xizang

作　　者：刘沛钦 高梦珂 苏建强[1,2] 李虎 LIU Pei-qin;GAO Meng-ke;SU Jian-qiang;LI Hu(Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China;College of JunCao Science and Ecology,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院城市环境研究所,厦门361021 [2]中国科学院大学,北京101408 [3]福建农林大学菌草与生态学院,福州350002

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第9期5196-5203,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：第二次青藏科考专题任务项目(2021QZKK0103)。

摘　　要：空气微生物与人群健康息息相关,受环境因素及人类活动影响,已成为全球关注的热点.为探究不同海拔下空气细菌及潜在人类致病细菌的分布规律,揭示海拔对空气细菌潜在风险影响,采集了西藏日喀则不同海拔区域的空气及土壤,基于细菌16S rRNA基因对其中的细菌群落及空气中的潜在致病细菌进行解析.Adonis分析结果表明,不同海拔区域空气与土壤微生物群落(基于Bray-Curtis距离)均存在显著性差异;维恩图结果表明,土壤对空气细菌的贡献随着海拔上升而降低;空气细菌Chao1指数在较高海拔地区显著低于(P<0.05)较低海拔地区,且较低海拔区域间细菌群落相似性显著高于(P<0.05)较低海拔与较高海拔地区间的相似性,表明海拔一定程度上影响空气微生物群落组成,但空气流动可能减少细菌群落间的差异;Proteobacteria(变形菌门)在空气细菌群落中占比为84%~91%,是空气细菌中的优势菌群.LEfSe分析结果表明,不同海拔地区将富集不同的空气细菌,比如Flavobacterium属的占比为2.69%~38.19%,且在较低海拔地区显著高于较高海拔地区.通过与人类致病细菌数据库比对发现,日喀则地区空气中潜在致病菌占总细菌的比例为2.69%~38.19%,且较低海拔地区显著高于(P<0.05)较高海拔地区,证明日喀则地区空气微生物对人类健康存在一定的健康风险,需引起广泛关注.研究结果不仅为空气微生物分布特征研究提供了一定的基础,也为我国空气环境质量提升及疾病预防提供了一定的科学支撑.Airborne microbes are affected by natural environmental factors and have become a global issue due to their potential threat to human health.To explore the effects of altitude on the communities of microbes and potential pathogenic bacteria,we sampled airborne microbes and soils at sites with different altitudes in Shigatse of Xizang.The results showed a significant difference in bacterial communities between air and soil and a decrease in the contribution of soil to airborne bacteria from the sites with a lower altitude to the sites with a higher altitude.The Chao1 indexes of airborne bacteria were significantly higher in the sites with a lower altitude compared to those with a higher altitude,and the bacterial Bray-Curtis distances between sites with a lower altitude were significantly lower than those between sites with a lower altitude and high altitude.These results indicated that altitude would affect the community patterns of airborne bacteria,and the transport of air would decrease the variations in airborne microbial communities between different sites.Proteobacteria,with 84%-91%of average abundance,predominated in the airborne bacterial communities,but different taxa were enriched in sites with different altitudes.For example,the genera of Flavobacterium and Lactobacillus were enriched in sites with a lower altitude and a higher altitude,respectively.A total of 78 potential bacterial pathogens were detected across all samples,and the relative abundance of them in bacterial communities ranged from 2.69%to 38.19%.These findings indicated that altitude would affect the community compositions of airborne bacteria and potential pathogenic bacteria and suggested the potential threat of airborne bacteria to human health.This study provided a scientific basis for better understanding the distributions of airborne microbes and for air quality improvement and disease prevention in China.

关 键 词：空气微生物 潜在致病细菌 海拔 分布规律 人群健康 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]