放牧对不同类型草原植物多样性及其碳储量的影响  

Effects of Grazing on Plant Diversity and Their Carbon Stocks in Different Types of Grasslands

作　　者：赵星宇 韩国强 张圣微[1,3,4] 赵鸿彬 刘敏敏[1] 林汐 王帅 ZHAO Xing-yu;HAN Guo-qiang;ZHANG Sheng-wei;ZHAO Hong-bin;LIU Min-min;LIN Xi;WANG Shuai(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Hohhot Ecological Environment Bureau,Hohhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization,Hohhot 010018,China;Autonomous Region Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water Resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow River,Hohhot 010018,China;College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]呼和浩特市生态环境局,呼和浩特010018 [3]内蒙古自治区水资源保护与利用重点实验室,呼和浩特010018 [4]黄河流域内蒙段水资源与水环境综合治理自治区协同创新中心,呼和浩特010018 [5]内蒙古农业大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第9期5395-5405,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52279017,52079063);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2021MS03094);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFDZ0050)。

摘　　要：随着气候干暖化和不合理的放牧,内蒙古各类型草地出现不同程度的退化,而不同管理模式势必会影响土壤草地植物多样性和植被碳储量.为了明确不同管理模式下各类型草地植物多样性和碳储量的变化及其影响因素,基于横跨内蒙古3种不同类型草原的18个定点监测站点,对植物物种组成、地上生物量和植被全碳等指标进行分析.结果表明,放牧会导致典型草原和荒漠草原的优势度增加,而草甸草原为降低,均匀度指数和香农-维纳多样性指数在草甸草原和荒漠草原增加较小.放牧降低草甸草原和典型草原禾本科生物量,而在荒漠草原为上升.禁牧区地上植被、地下根系碳储量远高于放牧区,分别高出1.5倍和1.2倍,但长期禁牧站点的植被碳储量明显低于短期禁牧.同时结构方程表明,地理位置、气候因子和土壤因子对3种草原类型的生物量和植被碳储量的影响差异明显,研究结果可为草地生态可持续发展及管理模式优化提供参考.With the drying and warming of the climate and irrational grazing,various types of grasslands in Inner Mongolia have been degraded to different degrees,and different management modes will inevitably affect the plant diversity and vegetation carbon stock of soil grasslands.To clarify the changes and influencing factors of plant diversity and carbon stock in different types of grasslands under different management modes,plant species composition,aboveground biomass,and vegetation carbon were analyzed based on 18 sentinel monitoring stations across three different types of grasslands in Inner Mongolia.The results showed that grazing increased the dominance of typical grassland and desert grassland,whereas meadow grassland decreased,and the evenness index and Shannon Wiener diversity index increased less in meadow grassland and desert grassland.Grazing decreased graminaceous biomass in meadow grassland and typical grassland,whereas it increased in desert grassland.Above-ground vegetation and below-ground root carbon stocks were much higher than those in grazing areas,1.5 and 1.2 higher,respectively,but vegetation carbon stocks in long-term grazing sites were significantly lower than those in short-term grazing.Further,the structural equations showed that the effects of geographic location,climatic factors,and soil factors on the biomass and vegetation carbon stocks of the three grassland types differed significantly.The results can provide a reference for the ecologically sustainable development of grassland and the optimization of management mode.

关 键 词：草原类型 不同管理模式 植物多样性 植被碳储量 影响因素 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]