不同地膜覆盖对土壤质量和大蒜产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Film Mulching on Soil Quality, Garlic Yield, and Garlic Quality

作　　者：师玥 栾璐 蒋希芝 徐磊[3] 叶英聪 张嵚[1] 蒋瑀霁[2] SHI Yue;LUAN Lu;JIANG Xi-zhi;XU Lei;YE Ying-cong;ZHANG Qin;JIANG Yu-ji(School of Land Resource and Environment,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Biomass Composites and Addictive Manufacturing,Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,南昌330045 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008 [3]江苏省农业科学院农业设施与装备研究所,江苏省生物质复合材料与增材制造技术工程研究中心,南京210014

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第9期5464-5473,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：江苏省科技计划项目(BE2022393);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2023351,BE2023850);国家自然科学基金项目(32272009)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同地膜覆盖方式对大蒜种植系统中土壤质量与大蒜产量的影响,确定大蒜种植中的最佳地膜管理模式.基于2021年设置在江苏省农业科学院大蒜种植系统的不同地膜覆盖试验,研究大蒜种植体系中无地膜处理(CK)、黑色聚乙烯地膜处理(HPE)、黑色聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯(PBAT)/秸秆复合地膜处理(HSJ)和白色PBAT地膜处理(BJ)对土壤质量及大蒜产量变化的影响.结果表明:①不同地膜覆盖处理下,土壤理化性质和细菌、真菌数量发生显著变化,并间接改善土壤质量.相较不覆膜处理,BJ处理土壤质量指数提升70%,综合效果最好,其次是HPE和HSJ处理,分别提升52%和36%.随机森林模型分析发现,土壤有机质和全氮是影响土壤质量的主要因素.②不同地膜覆盖显著提高蒜头直径和大蒜单头质量,且处理间无显著差异,其中HSJ处理大蒜产量提高效果最好,分别比CK、HPE和BJ处理提高了46%、19%和6%.③相关性分析表明,地膜覆盖下土壤质量指数与大蒜鳞茎淀粉含量、蒜头直径、大蒜单头质量显著相关.研究结果从大蒜种植过程中覆盖地膜选择的角度,为高质量与高产量农田结合发展提供了科学依据.To determine the optimal film management technique for garlic planting,this study aimed to investigate the effects of various film cover methods on soil quality and garlic yield in garlic cropping systems.To achieve these goals,trials with different film cover methods were conducted at the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Nanjing.To investigate the impact of changes in soil quality and garlic yield,we set up four treatments:no film treatment(CK),black polyethylene film treatment(HPE),black poly(butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate)(PBAT)with straw composite film treatment(HSJ),and white PBAT film treatment(BJ)in a garlic cropping system.Our results indicated that specific mulch coverings had a positive effect on both soil quality and garlic yield.The film cover treatments resulted in significant changes in soil physicochemical properties and bacterial and fungal biomasses and indirectly improved soil quality.Compared to that under the no film treatment,the BJ treatment boosted soil quality by 70%,with the most significant impact,followed by that under the HPE and HSJ treatments,with improvements of 52%and 36%.Random forest modeling indicated that soil organic matter and total nitrogen were the most important factors influencing soil quality.The different film covers significantly increased the diameter of garlic bulbs and single quality.The HSJ treatment exhibited the most significant increase in garlic yield,with 46%,19%,and 6%improvement compared to that in the CK,HPE,and BJ treatments,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that soil quality under film cover was significantly correlated with the starch content of garlic bulbs,garlic diameter,and single quality.This study highlights that selecting the appropriate mulch film aids in the production of garlic and helps to develop farmland that produces both high-quality and high-yield crops.

关 键 词：全生物降解地膜 地膜覆盖 微生物基因拷贝数 土壤酶活性 土壤质量 大蒜产量 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]