新时代中国海外公民安全综合保障能力建设探析  

China's Capacity Building for Safeguarding the Security of Overseas Chinese Citizens in the New Era

作　　者：张丹丹 孙德刚 Zhang Dandan;Sun Degang(School of Foreign Studies,Northwest-ern Polytechnical University;Institute of International Studies,Fudan University)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学外国语学院 [2]西北工业大学约旦研究中心 [3]复旦大学中东研究中心 [4]复旦大学国际问题研究院

出　　处：《国际关系研究》2024年第4期133-153,M0007,M0008,共23页Journal of International Relations

基　　金：2023年国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国海外公民安全保障能力建设研究”(项目编号:23BGJ003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：海外公民安全综合保障能力是主权国家在维护海外公民安全时所掌握的系统资源和展现的整体能力,是国家能力在海外公民安全保护领域的具体体现。加强海外安全保障能力建设是时代发展的要求,也是中国与世界良性互动的保障。党的十八大以来,中国政府高度重视维护海外公民的安全和利益,并通过多种路径强化海外公民安全综合保障能力建设。中国海外公民安全综合保障能力分为硬能力和软能力两个层面,前者是有形的物质能力,包括由军事保障能力和情报搜集能力构成的军事硬能力,以及由风险防范能力和财政支持能力构成的民事硬能力;后者是无形的管理能力,包括中央领导能力和部委协调能力两个层面的战略决策能力,以及涵盖央地配合能力和政企协作能力的资源配置能力。中国海外公民安全综合保障能力建设服务于国家经济社会建设总目标和海外利益保护的总需求,与“外交为民”的理念一脉相承。展望未来,我国海外公民安全保障的硬能力与软能力建设需增强统筹协调,不断推进中国海外公民安全保障的制度化进程。The capability of safeguarding the security of overseas citizens is the resource and comprehensive quality displayed by a government.It is not only the specific practice and manifestation of comprehensive national capacity in consular protection,but also the requirement of the times and a guarantee for sound interaction between China and the world.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the Chinese government has attached great importance to safeguarding the security and interests of overseas citizens.China's comprehensive capacity to safeguard the security of overseas citizens can be divided into two dimensions:hard capacity and soft capacity.The former mainly being tangible material capacity includes military hard capacity consisting of military support capacity and intelligence gathering capacity,and civilian hard capacity consisting of risk prevention capacity and financial support capacity.The latter is embodied in the intangible management capacity,including the capacity of strategic decisionmaking at the levels of central leadership capacity and coordination capacity of ministries and commissions,and resource allocation capacity covering centrallocal cooperation capacity and governmententerprise cooperation capacity.The capacity building to protect the security of overseas Chinese serves China's overall goal of economic and social development and the need to protect overseas interests.It is in line with the Global Security Initiative,the Global Development Initiative and the concept of“diplomacy for the people”.Looking ahead,China will not only strengthen the hard and soft capacity but also enhance the coordination of the soft and hard capacity to improve the institutionalization of the security of overseas Chinese.

关 键 词：海外公民安全 领事保护 硬能力 软能力 中国外交 

分 类 号：D821[政治法律—政治学]