麦金太尔对休谟问题的历史主义诊断及其困难  

MacIntyre’s Diagnosis of Hume’s Problem and its Difficulties Based on Historicism

作　　者：王海 WANG Hai(School of Philosophy,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing,102400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学哲学院,北京102400

出　　处：《盐城师范学院学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第5期40-46,共7页Journal of Yancheng Teachers University（Humanities & Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：休谟问题的实质是“是”与“应当”间的鸿沟问题。关于这一问题,麦金太尔曾基于历史主义的立场做了独特的分析。他认为,“是”与“应当”的鸿沟是现代道德哲学研究脱离亚里士多德的目的论框架和功能性解释的后果。解决休谟问题,需要回归亚里士多德传统,采纳亚里士多德传统的目的论架构和功能性解释,回归传统共同体生活,在集体实践中重获“善”的规定。然而,麦金太尔的功能性解释过分依赖传统,对于现代道德形态的历史合理性并不能提供充分说明,由此,道德评价与非道德评价的界限将变得模糊,人的自我理解和自我筹划空间将受到限制,道德的崇高性亦将难以得到说明。The essence of Hume’s problem is the discussion on the gap between“is”and“ought”.On this issue,MacIntyre has made an insightful analysis based on the position of historicism.He believed that the gap between“is”and“ought”is the result of the development of modern moral philosophical research,which has deviated from Aristotle’s teleological framework and functional interpretation.He asserted that,to solve the problem,we need to appeal to the tradition of Aristotle’s philosophy,including his traditional teleological framework and functional interpretation.We also need to live the traditional community life,and revive the prescription of“good”in collective practice.However,MacIntyre’s functional interpretation is heavily based on tradition,which cannot provide the sufficient historical justification of modern morality.Therefore,the distinction between moral evaluation and non-moral evaluation will become blurred,the space for human self-understanding and self-planning will be constrained,and the sublime nature of morality will be barely possible to explain.

关 键 词：休谟问题 麦金太尔 历史主义 美德伦理 

分 类 号：B82-067[哲学宗教—伦理学]